Is Technology Really Making Life Easier?

Is Technology Really Making Life Easier MRT Abstract In this research paper I have posed the question; is technology really making life easier? I took the stance that advancement in technology has led to major sociological issues that are currently being felt and will be felt for generations to come. I highlighted the creation of such devices and services such as cell phones, computers, the internet, and social media. My research has only shown more support to what I had believed prior to starting this process.My conclusion based off the information to follow is that technology may have made our lives more convenient, however it has not made our lives easier or less stressful. Do you think modern technology has made life easier and safer? Or do you think that modern technology has made life more difficult and more dangerous? Today, we can’t imagine ourselves without technical advances such as cars, microwaves, cell phones, computers, and televisions. However, technology wonâ⠂¬â„¢t stop there, but it will grow bigger and bigger. As technology grows, there are not only advantages, but disadvantages from them.A list of the benefits of technology would be very long indeed. However, as with almost everything we human beings have created, technology has a downside. There is, we might say, a dark side to technology. For openers, technology does not necessarily make life simpler; rather, it tends to make life more complicated. Nowadays, for example, nearly every discussion of the â€Å"wonderful power of technology to enrich our lives† mentions the cell phone. Certainly, the instant communication brought about by the telephone has been a major advancement.It was originally a rather simple device that anyone could learn to use in a matter of minutes, and we soon began using phones to make and receive phone calls, usually about matters of some importance. Recently, however, we have created these devices to perform a ridiculous number of irrelevant tasks. One needs a thirty-page booklet to learn how to use them. Anyone who enters a phone store today seeking a phone that simply sends and receives phone calls is likely to be looked upon as a refugee from the Dark Ages.Cellphones have become the number one thing in most people’s lives. It is the quickest way to keep contact with the outside world. It has made life easier for humans and it has become one of the things that we cannot live without. Cellphones can help us solve a lot of problems, but can also cause a lot of stress related problems because people are too dependent on technology nowadays. It has weakened our social ability, without it, people find it hard to express themselves. Cellphones have dominated our lives with the advanced technology and applications they offer.Friends from miles away are only a text message away from you, and it can avoid awkward and silent moments because you do not have to talk to someone face to face anymore. Although it can help us in many different aspects, we are starting to rely on it and abuse it. A lot of teenagers cannot be separated from their cell phones for too long, they are always on their phones and they find it hard to not look at their phone before long. Most of their phones allow them to watch movies, read books, listen to music and talk to people, which make them a lot less interactive and productive in real life.They provide us different sorts of interesting entertainment and useful information, which is easily accessible to people. People who live in the city are always rushed and in a hurry, to them, time is money and one of their most valuable assets, and cellphones are exactly what they need and cannot live without in their daily lives. People who are often on their phones believe that texting and interacting with people on their phone makes up for not seeing them face to face in real person. As they are always depending on their phones, they become lazier.They do not have urge to go out and meet new people and become more socially awkward as they do not know how to talk to people face to face anymore in their daily lives. A recent study from the University of Maryland’s Robert H. Smith School of Business finds that even though cellphones are generally thought to connect people together, they are making the users less social minded. The school’s marketing professor Rosellina Ferraro said: â€Å"We would expect a similar pattern of effects with people from other age groups.Given the increasing pervasiveness of cell phones, it does have the potential to have broad social implications. † There is a problem with texting. Did you know that one of the main causes of car crashes are that people are texting while they are driving? That is a huge problem. Several studies show cell phones are a leading cause of car crashes. It is estimated that cell phone distracted drivers are four times more likely to be in a car wreck. Cell phones cause over 200 deaths and hal f a million injuries each year. When you are texting while driving, you are more focused on your phone than on the road.As a result your speed can change very quickly. You could be at a speed of 20, then 40, then 50, then 60, or 70 miles per hour and sometimes even faster. This cycle will not end if a person is surrounded by a group of people who are always depending on their cellphones even when all of them are spending time together. To people who do not usually use their cellphones this can be disrespectful and impolite as it seems like they are not enjoying the time spent with each other. There are no doubts that cellphones are very important to us, as they can help us in numerous aspects.It is the best thing to have when you are bored, and to communicate with people from far away even when you are busy. People can contact you any time of the day and it is very convenient and user friendly. They are made for people in the world to easily connect with each other, instead of makin g long distance phone calls, sending emails and writing letters like the old days; which require more effort and are more time consuming. It is important to have a cell phone with you because it can make communication easier, provide many applications in it and most importantly safety to their users.Another example of the complexity of modern technology is the computer. Again, nobody can deny that computers have enabled us to share information, process data, and perform numerous other tasks with speed and ease that, as recently as a generation ago, we would have thought impossible. Computer technology has been advancing so rapidly that new applications are discovered faster than anyone can keep pace – and that's a problem. Even the computer experts understand only a fraction of what these machines do (just ask an expert for help when a computer crashes).Although most users can and do master some of the basic operations, most computer owners cannot use many of the functions th at are built into computer programs. Much has been written about how the younger generations who have been brought up in the computer age know intuitively how to use these machines. However, evidence suggests that they learn only what amuses or entertains them. I for one grew up in the computer age, however I can say that if you do not keep up with technology is will pass you and leave you in its’ dust. Most haven't the patience or the desire to go through the complicated process of learning more functional programs.Furthermore, they tend to use computers rather than their own brains for many tasks that they should be able to perform without mechanical assistance. It is possible to argue that the invention of the calculator is largely responsible for the inability of many people to do simple math; it is likewise possible to prove that electronic spell-checking (which is, and may always be, imperfect) has created at least one generation of individuals who cannot spell and know nothing about the logic of language. Complexity is not the only downside of computers.They have created an even greater gap between the rich and the poor, the educated and uneducated. To use these devices, one needs both experience and education. Lacking computers at home (even if they can access them at school), poorer people do not have the opportunity to gain much experience with them. Even as the computer becomes a commodity (something to which virtually everyone has access), the pace of technology is so rapid that these individuals are light years behind the more fortunate people. Furthermore, since computer skills must be learned, less educated individuals have a vast disadvantage.Educated individuals can use computers to expand their knowledge; uneducated or less educated people are stuck where they are. The gap widens. Finally, with respect to computers, many of the advantages have spawned a nightmarish array of problems. I recently interviewed several Lewiston Police Offic ers and asked them what they felt was the most significant change they have witnessed in their field. Technology was their first answer. One officer explained how when he started on the force some fifteen plus years ago he was given a car and a radio.When he would need information he would have to contact his dispatcher, which would then relay what little, and often outdated, information they had over the radio to him. He explained that now every officer has a laptop computer right in their car tied into some of the most sophisticated databases in the world. The software allows him to run license plates in a matter of seconds which will tell him who owns the vehicle, if it is registered, if the owner has any warrants or such. He said that while yes this technology is amazing and in today’s world he probably could not do without, he longs for the simpler times.He stated that there is a disconnect with society due to the technology. Officers will travel around in their vehicles like robots verses interacting with people on the streets as they did in the past. He feels that this societal disconnect has led to a lack of respect that police officers once had. While technology has now given us the ability to shop from home, it has opened a whole new area in which con artists can conduct scams, a complex area that authorities admit is impossible to police. While it has enabled us to bank by internet, it has brought on a wave of identity theft such as we have never before seen.This negative consequence of technology has affected hundreds of thousands of people which have their identities stolen each year. Identity theft is when these criminals get and use consumer’s personal information such as credit card numbers, bank account numbers, insurance information, and social security numbers to buy goods or services wrongly. Identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes out there. When the identity thief uses a credit card, bank account, Social Security number or cell phone in your name and doesn’t pay the bill, it is all reported on your credit account.People don’t know that their identity has been stolen until damage has been done which can cause a problem. While it enables banks and other organizations to process data with lightning speed, electronic processing creates greater opportunity for error. One incorrect keystroke can set in motion an automated series of mistakes that are not easily detected or corrected. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, the invention of the Internet is one of man’s greatest and most spectacular endeavors. For, it has truly revolutionized the world in regards to how we engage in business, recreate, socialize, educate ourselves and communicate with each other.The Internet eliminated all impediments of conventional methods of operations. Through its construction, the world economies have flourished. Therefore, it can be said in a nut shell, that the Internet has made life on earth easy to say the least; but to what expense? The amount of people that have used the internet has grown 572% from 2000 to 2010. What would the world be without internet? It has only been 20 years since its creation but yet it has affected society immensely. Internet has had both a positive and a negative influence on society.Due to the significance of both influences, internet cannot be seen entirely as good or bad, people can only have strong opinions on the matter. Before explaining all of the benefits to society the internet has had, let me start with showing that there is a good argument that the internet has had a negative impact on society. Skeptics argue that the internet is not beneficial to society because it limits face-to-face interactions, society’s most important type of interaction. The limiting factors include, but are not limited to, email based sites, like Yahoo. om, Gmail. com, and Hotmail. com, and social networking sites, like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter. They limit face-to-face interactions because it is more convenient then meeting up with everyone that a person would like to talk with. According to the National School Boards Association (NSBA), who published a report on research and guidelines on online social, educational, and networking, the average teen will spend more than 9 hours a week on just a social internet site (Creating & Connecting).It is not terribly surprising that skeptics will say that spending close to two hours a day in a desk chair, on a computer, searching the web, downloading music, chatting with friends or playing internet games is a complete waste of time. They believe it should be used for studying, playing sports, being outdoors, the list goes on and on. Sadly, skeptics are completely right when they say these things are not productive, in fact, the way which most people use the internet is not productive. The NSBA’s report shows statistical figures that support the skeptic’s thoughts.Teens repor ted that they are on social sites, like Facebook, about 41% of the time that they are on the internet and downloading or listening to music 30% of the time they are on the internet (Creating & Connecting). Clearly not the best use of time and it only leaves 29% for the rest of the endless list of the possible things to do on the internet. They could be using the time they are on internet for more productive means. Nevertheless, it seems too hard for people to use it for something productive, or beneficial to society, like reading the daily news.However, some of the available internet sites to read and learn from leads to the next negative aspect of the internet, unreliable and falsified information. The internet has very few regulations and almost no one policing it. With the addition of anyone having the ability and access to make a website, it presents a problem. The problem, it allows them to publish whatever they would like, not matter if it is true or not. This causes unreliabi lity, especially for students such as myself researching information and it can be very difficult to find out if the source is credible or not.For instance, according Lucy Rector, a professor at Harford Community College who published a comparison of Wikipedia and other encyclopedias for accuracy, breadth, and depth in historical articles, Wikipedia is only 80% accurate (Rector, Comparison of Wikipedia). This means that one out of every five times a person visits Wikipedia they could being reading something that is not credible, this presents an outstanding credibility problem. This has had an effect on society, as now people must always determine whether or not the information they are presented with is credible.The creation of the internet has opened a new market in society for scammers. The National Consumers League produced a study in 2001 that showed internet fraud had generated 7 million in profit, nearly doubling from the year before (2001 Internet Fraud Statistics). These da ys it is hard to escape scams because they seem to be lurking around every corner. Online shopping fraud is no joke and has steadily increasing by millions over the years. In Europe, the amount of money lost per year due to online shopping fraud is 21. million, according to an article about how â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185%† written in the Sunday Times (O’Connor, Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent). The article goes on to say that today’s scammers are becoming increasingly sophisticated and convincing. Oddly enough, one of the main reasons for this is because it used to be that sites with the goal of fraud used to be terribly published. Often having spelling and grammatical errors that were easy to spot and then avoid. Skeptics say would argue that because of the internet, people have been seduced into scams costing people millions.The internet is full of graphic content and no one checking ID’s. Due to the internet, pornography has become more common and has had a negative effect on society. According to an article on â€Å"the Effects of Internet Pornography†, internet porn is viewed by 66% of men from 18 to 34 at least once a month (Wang, The Effects of Internet Pornography). In the article Richard Berry, president of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers states that, â€Å"Pornography had an almost nonexistent role in divorce just seven or eight years ago†; its significant role now is â€Å"clearly due to the Internet† (Wang, The Effects of Internet Pornography).In the same branch of the internet but a more disturbing reason the internet has had a negative impact on society is child pornography. The internet has led to a global outburst in child pornography, conventionally thought to be too morally wrong and unthinkable of a behavior it can leave victims with emotional and physical damage for the rest of their lives. Society could do without their children being emotionally damaged for the rest of t heir lives. Although skeptics will say that the internet has affected society negatively, their argument is minute compared to the agreement that internet has had positive effects on society.Skeptics can argue that the time spent on the internet could be used for something else more productive, that the internet has created a numerous amount of unreliable and incorrect information that is published, and that it has helped scammers steal money and much more from society but it is nothing compared to what the internet has contributed to society. Internet has given society a new form of communication, a new way to acquire information, and a new and improved way to shop. From the birth of the internet came the birth of social network sites, such as Facebook and Myspace.Now a day, a person can communicate with anyone across the globe with the touch of a button. Although the time a person spends on social networks like Facebook, Myspace, Skype, Yahoo Mail, and Match. com can be completely useless, the sites, themselves are often beneficial to society. Facebook and Skype is a great and easy way to stay in touch with friends and family. Yahoo Mail and every other email account website cut down on paper pollution and put up a good fight against the inconvenience of the mailing system. Even Match. om has its benefits to society, now people do not even have to leave their seats to meet new people or ask them out, this is apparent in Facebook and Myspace as well. The point still being that, the internet has given us a new form of communication that is overall much more efficient, but possible less effective, than the ways people used to communicate with each other before the internet. Rick Nauert would agree with this. Rick Naurt has a PHD and is the senior news editor for the University of Southern California, in 2006 he said â€Å"More than a decade after the portals of the Worldwide Web opened to he public, we are now witnessing the true emergence of the Internet as t he powerful personal and social phenomenon we knew it would become (Nauert, The Internet as Agent of Social Change). † When asked if the internet increased regular contact with others, he answered, â€Å"42. 8 percent of Internet users agree that going online has increased the number of people they regularly stay in contact with (Nauert, The Internet as Agent of Social Change)†. Clearly, the creation of the internet and social networks has helped our society stay in touch and meet new people.The internet has led to a massive increase of easily accessible information and a lot of it very credible. The internet is enormously vast, with information on virtually every topic. A person can pretty much type anything into Google, even a question, and get what they are looking for. When talking about how the availability of information has changed society for the better, think of how hard it was to acquire information for papers for students before the internet. It was accomplis hed by moderate amount of time spent in a library. However, this led to teaching students good work ethic and did not allow time for procrastination.Not only can a person just learn anything over the internet, according to Karen Farkas, who wrote an article about â€Å"Online education growing as colleges offer more classes to meet student demand†, found that 29% of students have taken one or more online classes (Farkas, Online Education Growing). Although it is not surprising that in today’s day and age it is possible to get a college degree by taking exclusively online classes. Connection to the internet is not the only negative aspect of technology that computers provide. Consider automated answering systems and the disconnect of speaking to a human being.The only individuals who see any benefit in these systems are executives who, with their eyes on the bottom-line, look upon them as a cheap way to reduce or eliminate customer service personnel. These systems creat e the illusion of offering customer service when, in fact, they have practically eliminated customer service altogether and shipped what is left overseas. Automated answering systems constitute an area of technology that symbolizes what happens when tasks that only a human being can perform effectively are left to machines. Customers universally hate these systems because they provide little or no ervice, waste time, and often put the customer into an electronic loop that leads nowhere. The worst of these systems are those that provide voice messages in which a machine pretends to be a real human being. Verizon Wireless is a great example of this nightmare of a system. The creators of the Verizon System actually programmed the computer to recognize profanity, which usually is caused by frustration, and automatically connect you to a â€Å"real† human. While we may find definite advantages to almost any technological advancement, it is very difficult to find anything good to s ay about automated phone systems.In contrast, few of us question the value of technological advances in transportation – notably motor vehicles and airplanes. Because of these developments, we can travel further and faster than anyone a century ago would have imagined possible. However, even here technology has its downside. We live in a more dangerous world, not only because cars, trucks, and airplanes can kill but also because the ease and speed with which we can get from one place to another has made national borders more porous.The same technology that can deliver us to Grandma's house halfway across the world can also deliver an explosive device that can obliterate Grandma and a few thousand of her neighbors. The recent discussions with North Korea are just an example. In addition, we have been seriously depleting the Earth's natural resources to run these machines and have appreciably hastened global warming because of the gasses that they emit. On a simpler level, too, we may perhaps question whether it is necessarily desirable to go further and faster. Is it always better? Do we enjoy the trip more, or has the process of getting there become a hassle?For what are we saving all this precious time? Is it to have more time to watch commercials on TV, many of them promoting technology that we don't need? Entertainment is probably the one area in which technology has had positive effects with very little negative impact. If the content of television is mediocre, we can't really blame that on technology. If the music that people listen to on their various gadgets is trash, we can't blame the gadgets. If we are spending more time being entertained because we have, thanks to technology, a wide variety of entertainments to choose from, that is not necessarily a bad thing.We can complain about the intrusion of too much marketing in the entertainment media, but that is not the fault of technology. Indeed, with television, there's a quiet little war going o n between the technology that subtly tries to sell us products and the technology that enables us to bleep out the advertisements. To be objective about it, the so-called downside of technology – real as it is – represents more what's wrong with us than what's wrong with our creations. We are making them complicated, often more than they need to be, because we arrogantly believe that man will always be the master of the machine.We turn the cell phone into a public nuisance and a safety hazard instead of a useful tool because we are too foolish to use it wisely. We cause sporadic outbreaks of massive â€Å"computer errors† because we are stupid and careless; what we call computer errors are, in fact, idiotic blunders made by human beings. We are the self-destructive species who turn machines for transportation into weapons of mass destruction. The real issue regarding technology is not whether it is good or bad but whether we are grown-up and mature enough to use wisely what we have created.The evidence suggests that, on the whole, we are not and technology may just be our demise. Works Cited â€Å"2001 Internet Fraud Statistics. † Welcome to Fraud. org, Online Home of NCL's Fraud Center. National Consumers League, 2002. Web. 23 May 2011. . â€Å"Creating & Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. † Creating & Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. National School Boards Association, July 2007. Web. 22 May 2011. . Farkas, Karen. â€Å"Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Cleveland. com, 07 May 2011. Web. 22 May 2011. . Heltz, Braxton. â€Å"National Business Association – How The Internet Has Changed The World†¦ † NBA – Membership Association Serving the Self-Employed and Small Business Community. N ational Business Association, 2007. Web. 23 May 2011. . Kraut, Robert, Vicki Lundmark, Sara Kiesler, and William Scherlis. â€Å"Why People Use the Internet. † The HomeNet Project. Carnegie Mellon University. Web. 23 May 2011. . Nauert, Rick. â€Å"The Internet as Agent of Social Change | Psych Central News. Psych Central – Trusted Mental Health, Depression, Bipolar, ADHD and Psychology Information. Ed. John M. Grohol. Psych Central, 29 Nov. 2006. Web. 23 May 2011. . O'Connor, Rebecca. â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent – Times Online. † The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion. The Sunday Times, 1 Oct. 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Rector, Lucy H. â€Å"Reference Services Review | Comparison of Wikipedia and Other Encyclopedias for Accuracy, Breadth, and Depth in Historical Articles. † Emerald. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Wang, Laurie. â€Å"The Effects of Internet Pornography  « Power to Change. Power to C hange. Power to Change Ministries. Web. 23 May 2011. . Williams, Chris. â€Å"Online News and Advantages. † IdeaMarketers – Free Content Directory. IdeaMarketers. com. Web. 23 May 2011. . ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY â€Å"2001 Internet Fraud Statistics. † Welcome to Fraud. org, Online Home of NCL's Fraud Center. National Consumers League, 2002. Web. 23 May 2011. . â€Å"Creating & Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. † Creating & Connecting// Research and Guidlines on Online Social and Educational Networking. National School Boards Association, July 2007.Web. 22 May 2011. . Farkas, Karen. â€Å"Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. † Online Education Growing as Colleges Offer More Classes to Meet Student Demand. Cleveland. com, 07 May 2011. Web. 22 May 2011. . Heltz, Braxton. â€Å"National Business Association – How The Internet Has Changed The World†¦ â €  NBA – Membership Association Serving the Self-Employed and Small Business Community. National Business Association, 2007. Web. 23 May 2011. . Kraut, Robert, Vicki Lundmark, Sara Kiesler, and William Scherlis. â€Å"Why People Use the Internet. † The HomeNet Project.Carnegie Mellon University. Web. 23 May 2011. . Nauert, Rick. â€Å"The Internet as Agent of Social Change | Psych Central News. † Psych Central – Trusted Mental Health, Depression, Bipolar, ADHD and Psychology Information. Ed. John M. Grohol. Psych Central, 29 Nov. 2006. Web. 23 May 2011. . O'Connor, Rebecca. â€Å"Online Fraud Rises by 185 per Cent – Times Online. † The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion. The Sunday Times, 1 Oct. 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Rector, Lucy H. â€Å"Reference Services Review | Comparison of Wikipedia and Other Encyclopedias for Accuracy, Breadth, and Depth in Historical Articles. † Emerald.Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2008. Web. 23 May 2011. . Wang, Laurie. â€Å"The Effects of Internet Pornography  « Power to Change. † Power to Change. Power to Change Ministries. Web. 23 May 2011. . Williams, Chris. â€Å"Online News and Advantages. † IdeaMarketers – Free Content Directory. IdeaMarketers. com. Web. 23 May 2011. . Murphy, Tony. Achieving Business Value from Technology. New York: Wiley, 2010. Schmidt, John G. Lean Integration: An Integration Factory Approach to Business Agility. Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional, 2010. Nicholas, John M. 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Published 2010

Snort

Snort system softwareBy:College:Course:Professor:Date:AbstractThere has been a battle of supremacy among tech giants for quite a long; one company is always trying to outsmart the other. Positively speaking we can say that this has led to many innovations that have come in handy to make the customers navigations easy (morris-2014). Looking at it from the customers' eye, selection of good software has been a daunting task as most of them are brilliant if not classic. Selection of an operating is quite easy technology gurus but the situation is different for customers that are drawn to a product just because of peer reference or it popularity. Most of them end up being disappointed with their acquired systems after they underperform or demand other requirements to function. It is this battle that has led to specialization of the products in the technology industry, a keen analysis will show that some operating systems perform brilliantly in one field but fail in another; one is good in programming but moderate in its internet speed and vice versa. This research should be an eye opener for the operating system customers; before they pack bucks to go shopping for an OS they should know the precise features that they want their OS to have and hence need to do detailed digging to avoid confusion and later frustrations. Well, the most common operating system is windows; banking on popularity, but Linux is also catching up. Mac is out of question in this research as it only operates on Apple devices and if one owns the device then he has no option but stick to Mac operating system. On that point, I will be focusing on windows and Linux software in a bid to prove my point clear. The comparisons between these two should clearly show that one is superior to the other; I back the Linux system. To add a mint of credibility I will be sourcing for information from trustworthy online sites and scholarly articles that speak in favor of Linux. This will do away with bias and give the reader relevant insights. In the result section I will be showing that, truly there are benefits of Linux over windows software. In the discussion part I will highlight the requirements to run Linux, its file system location, instructions to run it and give examples of companies that use Linux to prove my point. IntroductionLinux was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. It is a free open source open source operating system that allows users customize their own source code additional to main source code of Linux. It can be used on any device, smartphone, gaming consoles, e-books and desktops, however, it is mainly used as a server because of its openness and easy functionality. A common distribution of linux is the kernel; this is the central operating system component and link between a software application and its data. Other distributions are; downloading tools, system utilities, programs. It also comes in handy when installing or uninstalling updates. The ability of Linux to allow easy data manipulation and have resizable folders, buttons, windows and icons has made a preferred OS over its competitors as web developers use it to train themselves. Its robustness, scalability and flexibility have also made it a base OS for giant companies (gagne-2014). Some of it outstanding benefits are; open source nature, this allows it users to see the codes and make modifications. Community support system, this enables the user to reach share his problems to the Linux community and solutions be offered without waiting for experts. Reliability, it runs smoothly with no delays and reboot commands. Free to use, the customers can access it freely and even run it without subscriptions. Privacy does not pop out additional tools or make commands for information collection. Best for programming, allows a variety of programming applications like c/c++, python, perl and java to run on the OS.Research MethodsI used internet articles and scholarly reviews to build on my case. I mainly focused on the ones that explained the advantages that Linux has and disadvantages of windows. I also read ones that said the advantages of windows over linux. I aggregated the results of one party one party over the other and also summed the disadvantages of one case over the latter. This is the method I used so as to not look biased. I sourced the installation instructions from Linux and Windows official sites so that to give detailed steps and prove which one was simple to install and run and which had additional requirements for the process to begin. Results I discovered that windows has 13 steps to installation of the main and will require an antivirus before you begin to run the operating system. Windows also has a variety of products that are only fit to certain types of devices depending on the year it was manufactured and the storage space on the device. Linux on the other hand has 11 steps that can be downed to 6 and does not need an antivirus installation before it starts running. This feature reduces cost. This proves that Linux is way cheaper and way easy to control than windows. DiscussionThe steps after installation are not essential if you only need the Linux OS to be doing simple tasks like typing and doing calculation (dubey-2016). There also minimal requirements needed to run Linux on your device, they are;2GHz dual core processor2GiB system memory25 GB hard drive space, that can hold a USB stick, memory card on external driveVGA that has 1024 by 768 screen resolutionDVD/ CD or USB port for installer mediaInternet access ( optional)The requirements to install it on your desired servers are also less compared to windows;Processor should be 300MHz by 86 or above RAM should be 256MiB or above Disk space of 1.5GB or aboveMonitor cable and graphic card of 640 by 480 CD driveSystem files or log files are located in the directory of the software; there are different log files for different applications on the system. The most common files are history files that contain installation and removal information. In the directory you can view it at apt then history.logOther file destinations in the directory are;Installer, log files created during installationKern.log, kernel information like errors and warningsAlternatives.log, set of history on alternatives set by different packagesXorg.org, details on graphic driver that includes it warnings and failuresApport.log, saves information about number of crashes the OS has experiencedInstructions to install your Linux software are simple;Download the OS from Ubuntu site, this ensures it is authenticBurn the OS on a CD, memory card or flash diskPartition the computer's hard driveInsert your installer to the specific portRestart your device and wait for Linux installation window to appearSelect the language on the BIOS and click installCheck both boxes for preparing to install Ubuntu and continueCheck erase disk and install Ubuntu, click install nowFollow th e prompts to set location and time and enter your user informationSelect log in information and restart the computerSelect Ubuntu and press enterConclusion War lines were drawn on the technology industry floor when there was emergence of software and the situation tensed further when modifications were being done on the systems. All fronts have diehards and sycophants to vehemently prove their sides stronger but we must all agree that there are specific tasks that on OS performs better than the other; it is on this truce that I have proved that Linux has a better understanding of its customer base and it is by far the best as it offers simpler and more efficient tools over its arch rival. It is sad that a company's supremacy is always measured by its net sales and popularity but the judges ignore its suitability and fail to account for the grumbles from the customers. Truth be said, it is this ratings that lead to misleading of more customers. Linux efficiency and supremacy can be proved by giant companies that run on it; facebook, Google, Amazon, McDonalds, twitter, IBM, DELL, NASA and even the American submarines (das-2014). This clientele proves the point that Linux has a high level of privacy, is fast, can be modified to feed specific needs, cannot easily crash, is inexpensive and holds a large amount of data. Thumb rule of any manufacturing company should be; allow customers get the value for their money but meeting their specific needs. What is the need of getting of acquiring an operating system that is not long lasting or one that will need regular updates for it to function? That is how I conclude that Linux is by far much better than Windows operating system.ReferencesLA Morris- 2014Multi-OS (operating system) boot via mobile deviceG Gagne- 2014Operating system conceptsSK Dubey- 2016Implementation of operating system selection using AHP- entropy modelD Das- 2014Performance measurement and management model of data generation and writing time.

Parametric and algorithmic design

Architecture is frequently practiced in a universe dominated by the many, the client or the public and in many instances merely understood by the few. Architecture has been comparatively unsuccessful at traveling frontward with the universe frequently neglecting to associate and pass on with cultural displacements, altering ways of life and the promotion of engineering. Where other design related patterns such as the automotive industry have blossomed, rhenium seeded, re adult and regenerated with displacements in the manner people live and the engineering of the present, architecture seems to hold floundered. As a consequence designers presently work in an environment using century old engineerings, with a client market which avoids hazards to personal addition at all cost and a populace which frequently still sees the president seen in architectural history as the really signifier of a relevant architectural hereafter. The multitudes seem bewildered by the possibilities presented b y the possibilities of the present. Even fellow practicians and faculty members within the architectural subject would look to be somewhat taken aback by the possibilities now available to us. Not merely on a technological degree, but the impact that these new techniques moms have on the very rudimentss of architectural theory and signifier. This brings me to my inquiry†¦ †¦ Parametric and Algorithmic Design: Fake Forms or a Relevant Architecture? Computer aided design changed many design orientated professions such as the automotive and aeronautical industries as far back as the 1980 ‘s when they were foremost decently developed. A digital revolution if you will. Compare this to architecture where production and design still utilize techniques, theory and cognition developed during the industrial revolution. Although the bulk, if non all designers do utilize some signifier of computing machine aided design techniques the boundaries can still be pushed farther. Procedures such as BIM ( constructing information modeling ) are get downing to go a existent force in architectural design in topographic points such as the USA. BIM is a procedure where the designer does non merely pull a line as with traditional pulling techniques or with plans such as AutoCAD ( which to an extent, is merely a digital version of a traditional drawing ) but alternatively when an designer draws a line, he draws a wall, with the possibility to uni te this information with a illimitable choice of belongingss be they size, cost, structural or how they relate to other members in a design. BIM begins to manus back the rubric of â€Å" Master Craftsman † to the designer, where the designer can see how design develops as a whole and do alterations consequently. Parametric and algorithmic architectures are presently at the head of the BIM architectural thought, they are the merchandises of the few created utilizing advanced computing machine scripting techniques and separately written pieces of package. Using the latest design engineerings available to us, uniting this with the modern stuffs and production techniques frequently developed in Fieldss which have embraced the digital revolution more openly, parametric and algorithmic design can get down to dispute cultural, technological and historical boundaries which designers have possibly failed to to the full dispute in the recent yesteryear. Parametric design is a procedure based non n fixed metric measures such as traditional design but alternatively, based a consistent web of relationships between single objects, the bricks are different but they are connected with the same bond. This allows alterations to a individual component whilst working with other constituents within a system. In a similar manner to that of parametric design, developments in scripting have allowed for algorithmic design processes to progress. These allow complex signifiers to be grown from simple methods while continuing specific qualities. In the most basic sense, a user defines a set of regulations, and the package would set up the signifier harmonizing to the regulations. If parametric design is a method for control and use of design elements within a web of any graduated table, algorithmic design is a system and objects bring forthing complex signifier based on simple constituent regulations. With the combination of these methods, rules, modern production techniques and stuffs parametric and algorithmic architectures have the possible to force architecture, beyond uncertainty into the twenty-first century. Age old architectural jobs and theory such as â€Å" signifier vs. stuff † and â€Å" signifier vs. map † can get down to be solved in new ways, building times can be reduced, stuffs can be managed more expeditiously, and edifice qualities can be improved significantly. In the analysis and comparing of two undertakings using parametric and algorithmic architectural design rules, I aim to to the full understand how relevant these signifiers and methods of bring forthing architecture truly are when compared to their traditional opposite numbers. I have selected my illustrations from opposite terminals of the architectural graduated table size wise, but from a similar household of traditional public architectural type signifier, analyzing how relevant the parametric signifiers are in relation to different state of affairss and scenes. My first probe, looks at a impermanent theater located within the site of Corbusier ‘s Carpenter Centre – A coaction between architecture Firm MOS studios and creative person Pierre Huyghe, selected for its truly alone location and it ‘s modern-day drama on the more traditional theater / marquee / outdoor stage signifier. Theaters are traditionally really expansive edifices, for 1000s of old ages they have been portion of human civilization with signifiers as far back as antediluvian Greece still found in theatre design. This coupled with its set base / park marquee like size associated with formal marquees form around the Victorian age made the undertaking peculiarly interesting. The challenge for MOS studios was to bring forth a return on the theater whilst responding suitably to its location in what is an highly outstanding topographic point. The design in basic signifier is similar to that of any regular theater with raked seating, unhampered screening and high-quality acoustics but it was with the usage of parametric procedures that a theater which corresponds to the single conditions of the site has been produced. The theatre sits in the underbelly of the Carpenter Centre by Le Corbusier, commissioned to mark the fortieth day of remembrance of the edifice. Corbusier ‘s Carpenter Centre is the Centre for the ocular humanistic disciplines at Harvard University, MA. Completed in 1942 the edifice is the lone edifice of all time completed by Corbusier in the United States of America and the last to be completed during his life clip although he ne'er really visited the edifice due to ill wellness. The edifice corresponds with Corbusier ‘s five points of architecture ( as seen in the Villa Savoye, France ) with interior elements such as the incline, a dominant characteristic, detonating out from the interior of th e edifice supplying an s – shaped walkway go oning into the environment. Curved dividers besides extend through the chief walls of the edifice in to the environing countries singing to and from the pilotis which back up them. This creates a series of permeating interior and exterior events running along the promenade incline. Within the design of the Carpenter Centre you can see the elements of undertakings crossing the full calling of Corbusier modified and adapted into this edifice. The marionette theatre itself, like Corbusier ‘s Carpenter Centre, was designed with a set of parametric quantities or architectural regulations if will. These parametric quantities were derived from a given brief and restrictions of the infinite created by the Carpenter Centre itself. To avoid damaging the Carpenter Centre no contact with either the ceiling or the edifices back uping structural systems was permitted. Therefore, suiting the marionette theater in between these of import structural barriers became cardinal. The designer has described the theater as â€Å" an organ placed in a new host † , it has a feel similar but non precisely that of a parasitic construction. Is seems non to be taking off, leaching from the Carpenter, but adding to it, giving it new life as though it truly is a new organ, a new bosom. This imagination is reinforced in the pick of stuffs for the theater, farther showing the feel of new life. The chief ego back uping construction is a poly carbonate, clad on the exterior with a moss. The moss adds heat and noise insularity, absorbing sound from the nearby street with sound quality being of paramount importance in practicality of a working theater. At dark visible radiation from within the theater glows through the light polycarbonate & A ; moss giving a green freshness, as if it truly is a new organ, a new hub from which life stems into the Carpenter Centre. The rounded signifier of the theater was produced though the parametric use of elongated diamond molded panel units, each one person in signifier, each one connected through the same set of parametric quantities. This parametric use was created through the restrictions of site, the demand for ego back uping structural unity, the usage and the limitations of fiction procedures during production. The ultimate signifier is hence created through a system of analysis where the most efficient signifier was deduced utilizing the parametric system. Most of the theater was prefabricated and assembled off site. The extended diamonds were designed to be produced from a individual level piece of polycarbonate understating both fabricating times and otiose stuffs. Each of the 500 pieces was CAM cut, before being folded into three dimensional signifiers with points drilled to link each of the diamond signifiers. The full construction could so be assembled by linking the panels utilizing simple too ls. The usage of simple manus tools meant that the theater could quickly be assembled and dissembled, suited to the impermanent nature of the construction, it was imperative that the construction could non merely be dissembled, but left no lasting hint of its building on the carpenter Centre. This once more was made possible through the usage of parametric design. Each panel is 3 † in deepness and spans over 15 † at the Centre ; they were stiffened with a froth insert to assist with rigidness with the combination of strategic panels being placed inside out, therefore moving as cardinal rocks. These strategic interior out anchor panels besides act as fanlights, leting visible radiation to go both in to and out of the theater. When assembled the panels dissipate forces around the tegument of the theater, making the ego back uping monocoque construction. The monocoque construction mean that mo lasting ingredients or structural supports had to be made with the Carpenter Cent re, hence the marionette theater became connected through its relevancy as a design but remained separate as a structural object. With the marionette theater sitting in a deep-set exterior courtyard underneath the Carpenter Centre, the alteration in degree of 1.25m between the street side and the courtyard had to be addressed, and so this became one of the cardinal parametric quantities in the design. This was overcome by integrating the 1.25m alteration in degree in to the raked theater seating, with the existent public presentation phase sitting at the lower degree of the courtyard. As you enter the marionette theater at street degree, the extended diamond signifiers combine with the alteration in tallness and about phantasmagoric size of the marionette theatre itself to making a ocular semblance, a false position. This invites the visitant into the theater with a sense of thaumaturgy and wonder, pulling the eyes towards the phase terminal where the parametric boundary lines of the diamond signifiers stop suddenly with the debut of the phase. The usage of this optical semblance helps to reenforce the sense of theater, a sense of thaumaturgy that I experience could be easy have been missed or overlooked with the usage of other stuffs or building techniques. You could maybe state that similar signifiers could hold been created in concrete or wood, but so the all of import drama of visible radiation created by the polycarbonate panels chosen would hold been missed. With the combination of stuff and parametric design â€Å" theater † is really incorporated into the design of the construction. The Glossy polycarbonate panels besides reflect light, making an ambient radiance visible radiation during public presentations, with the lone illuming coming from the marionette show itself, this transforms the theater into a glowing lantern at dark, projecting it ‘s energy onto the au naturel bare concrete surfaces of the Carpenter Centre. It seems to work good in a apposition between the hi-tech nature of the design and the connexion created with what is a really ancient signifier of amusement, connected by illuming which would look to pull you in a similar manner to that of a candle visible radiation. During the twenty-four hours the coefficient of reflection is reversed when the natural visible radiation brings the exterior milieus into the marionette theater, this focuses the attending on what is go oning in the outside universe, the walls about become the walls of an Aboriginal cave, stating the narratives of the exterior universe as they are go oning. This connexion to the outside universe through the coefficient of reflection of visible radiation is reinforced by the framing of a individual tree which sits beyond the entryway of the theater. It frames the position with some purpose whilst making a sense that the tree could perchance inquire as some barrier, a bound to the boundary of the theaters threshold. Through extended analysis and research this theater and its host edifice, the carpenter Centre I believe that this truly is a singular signifier, an first-class piece of design. The theater works with and replies to every one of its parametric challenges. Through the usage of parametric design I feel that a signifier has been created that would otherwise ne'er have been imagined or realised. The organic signifier of the theater, created utilizing really non organic production techniques replies to the brief on so many degrees. It creates this new bosom, new hub for the Carpenter Centre. It does non seek and mime the great modernist architecture used by Corbusier himself, but in no respect does it contend against it, it somehow moves in to an architecture beyond, with each single member of the theater being really geometric, but arranged in an intelligent manner, produce a signifier which is more organic. Neither structures the same but they do work together. The marionette theater de sign speaks of the Carpenter Centre today ; it speaks non of the architecture and the Carpenter Centre of the past, but the architecture, the people and the Carpenter Centre of the hereafter. The designers could hold chosen so many different attacks to bring forthing a marquee of kind on this site but I ‘m positive they would hold struggled to bring forth a design that overall worked more responsively with the entireness of the design challenge presented. The 2nd illustration of parametric architecture that I have analysed is the Mercedes Benz Museum, Un Studio, Stuttgart 2005 – with parametric and algorithmic working by Designtoproduction. This illustration of parametric design was selected non for its evidently parametric visual aspect but for the manner in which parametric modeling combined with BIM was used in the building and design of what can merely be seen as a truly radical edifice. Today the bulk of the universes exceeding historical, cultural and artistic pieces of are all in topographic point, the hereafter of the museum, as seen with this, the Mercedes Benz museum, lies with those who can to the full pass on a specializer aggregation, what they are about and where they came from. They have the capableness to excite a civilization much more than a generalist aggregation, the plants, the autos in the museum coud be seen to talk much more of the people that the bulk of today ‘s art. This is where the usage of pa rametric design can be seen to act upon and wholly pass on the work of Mercedes in a new manner. The importance of museum design has been at the head of architectural thought since Frank Lloyd Wright foremost challenged the program of the museum with the design of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, 1969. Since so museum has been challenged once more and once more by a battalion of designers such as Renzo Piano & A ; Richard Rodgers with The Pompidou Centre, Paris, 1977 and Daniel Libeskind with the Jewish Museum, Berlin, opened 2001. The Mercedes Benz Museum can be seen to associate to all of these illustrations in its chase to step frontward off from the regular, to dispute the infinites, circulation waies and signifiers of a museum, to make a museum of intent. The success of a museum depends upon the ingeniousness of its internal agreement, infinites created and its ability to exhibit artifacts within these infinites in a relevant manner. The museum will / has become ce lebrated non merely in the go oning line of disputing museum architecture get downing with edifices such as Frank Lloyd Wright ‘s Guggenheim in New York but for seting the digital design procedure steadfastly on the map. Stuttgart is place of the Mercedes Benz trade name, and so with the demand of a new museum, UN studios were chosen to redesign a new museum on a new site close to the chief gateway to the metropolis, where the old museum had antecedently been located in a dedicated edifice within the existent Mercedes mill. The design is based on a construct affecting the over laying of three round signifiers in program with the remotion of the cardinal infinite making a triangular shaped constructing tallness atrium country. In subdivision the edifice raises over eight floors in a dual spiral signifier, maximizing infinite and supplying 16,500 square metres of functional infinite on a comparatively little footmark. Originally the brief brought to UN studio suggested that the edifice should be no more than two floors high with concerns that any more tallness in the edifice may do complications with exhibits, for illustration the manoeuvring and exhibiting of lorries, circulation jobs around such big pieces and structural unity of the edifice with highly heavy exhibit tonss. With the site being situated so near to a major expressway it was shortly suggested by UN studios that the edifice should be taller associating to the close state of affairs to the expressway, seeing that jobs such as circulation and weight of exhibits could be overcome with the correct cognition and attitude towards the undertaking. The circulation system used in the Mercedes Benz Museum s similar to that used in the pompidou Centre Paris, with the circulation running around the external frontage of the edifice. In a similar manner, the circulation can be seen to pull clear links with the incline like circulation of the Guggenheim New York. The chief difference with both of these edifices is that the Mercedes Benz museum has, through advanced building techniques combined with the usage of parametric modeling is able to convey the chief forces applied to the edifice to a structural nucleus through floor slab s instead than margin, hence to the full emancipating the frontage and program of the edifice. The visitant enters the edifice on the land floor where they are met by the huge graduated table of the unfastened atrium. This land floor is home to the general installations expected of a big museum ; response, gift store and coffeehouse but it is where the circuit begins that the signifier truly takes a leap forward. The museum is designed so the visitant is transported to the 8th and top floor of the edifice before working their manner down dual spiral signifier inclines on a circuit that would take about six hours to finish in entireness. Transportation system to the top floor is a jubilation in motion itself, the visitant is transported via a portal like lift with limited screening ; â€Å" flashes † of projected imagination are seen from the interior. Once at the top floor, two Tourss split from the get downing location each following one of the dual spiral inclines, each following a different side to Mercedes huge history. The two Tourss known as â€Å" Collection â⠂¬  and â€Å" Myth † vary in their exhibits with the â€Å" Collection † circuit being more of a historic timeline of Mercedes design and the â€Å" Myth † circuit taking more romantic, cultural return on Mercedes history, having some of the company ‘s greatest designs and autos antecedently owned by the likes of Ringo Starr. As a consequence the particular feel of the two Tourss h seen designed to change and accommodate to the assorted exhibitions tremendously. The â€Å" Collection † circuit is flooded with natural, true illuming whilst the â€Å" Myth † circuit is illuminated in a much more theatrical manner, miming the love affair and glorification associated with its exhibits. The tour waies do traverse at assorted points through the vertical of the infinite, leting the visitant to pick and take between the two Tourss. The eight degrees of the edifice are separated into regular and particular countries, based on their maps within the museum and their impact of the construction as a whole. The degrees alternate between individual and dual tallness infinites as they progress through the vertical of the edifice. Classical sculpturers such as Bernini and Brancusi knew the importance of the base, they were Masterss of this, one time once more the base has been utilized in this museum, making positions, foregrounding without blinding and concentrating the visitant ‘s attending where it is needed. Not merely have pedestals been used but with the employment the semi handbill inclines which hug the exterior boundaries of the edifice, positions have been produced, supplying new, interesting and invigorating positions of the exhibitions. Sing the foliage shaped, semi handbill, exhibition infinites from a battalion of highs as you descend through the edifice generates a series of bird's-eye overviews. Vi sitors see the exhibits from higher, lower, closer and more distant position points. No sing angle is of all time rather the same, and the normal caput on viewed attack is avoided, there is a sense that you will ne'er capture every position throughout the circuit, that the edifice is invariably altering, writhing about and beyond you, that you as the visitant ne'er rather to the full understand where you are within the edifice. Together the base, bird's-eye screening infinites and invariably writhing signifiers create a new particular complexness within the signifier of a museum. Never before has something been exhibited like this before. There is a changeless feel of motion within the exhibits and the signifier of the edifice. The museum â€Å" attempts to put the inactive in gesture † says one German architectural critic, â€Å" as if it wants to turn out that the architecture is still alive † , it has been said to research gesture in all of its possible looks. The w hole Acts of the Apostless as an gas pedal for the different, unpredictable and erstwhile inexplicable infinites presented to the visitant. The unfastened program has been achieved through the ability to convey perpendicular tonss to the cardinal distribution nucleuss via the floor slabs with the facade systems transporting limited perpendicular burden. The floor slabs within the exhibition countries cover an country of about 30m without intermediate structural columns, made possible through the usage of parametric modeling and advanced structural computation. In add-on to the existent exhibit weights and unrecorded tonss such as visitants to the museum the floor slabs besides have to reassign a important sum of the horizontal burden from the distorted exterior structural system to the immense cardinal tri column nucleus of the edifice. The floors little curvature and slope aid to make a truly dynamic infinite around the autos aswell as making the structural support for the edifice. The floor creases, becomes the wall before turn uping once more to go the ceiling. UN studios most recent plants have been described as associating to and remembering ways in which Baroque designers worked and diagrammed their work. Van Berkel, co laminitis of UN studio, amused by the comparing says † I have been truly fascinated by Bernini and Borromini. Not merely in their edifices but by their unbelievable ability to project their subject into inquiry with advanced representation techniques † . These techniques are imperative in the agencies of bridging the spread between the abstract of idea and the pragmatism of edifice building, they become indispensable when get downing to grok how a construction may work and how edifice may run. They open new skylines and give architecture a holistic dimension, a agency of making volu mes that respond straight to undertaking demands. As an ultimate statement: The Mercedes Benz Museum by UN studio could non hold been created without the aid and research offered by Designtoproduction and their parametric work. There was limited clip to plan what can merely be described as one of the most complicated constructions in modern clip, and so, over two hundred and 40 six different companies and technology houses were employed to assist with the production of the Mercedes Benz Museum. Designtoproduction were able to supply solutions to the spreads between dividing design and production. This was imperative as these stairss are interconnected, they extremely influence each other and with so many different squads working on the undertaking, strong design and production links were needed. Parametric design proved to be the key to the edifices success in this respect. â€Å" The lone solution was to command the geometry of the edifice every bit wholly as possible utilizing the latest computing machine engineering † Ben van Berkel, UN Studio ‘s carbon monoxide laminitis and manager. The entwining signifiers of the Mercedes Benz Museum meant that the signifiers could hardly be described utilizing standard programs and subdivisions, yet contractors needed working programs, subdivisions and inside informations to build the edifice. From the basic geometry of 2D parametric modeling, the borders were transformed in to constantly lifting 3D signifiers by layering degrees ; finally the 3D volumes of the construction began to lift from the layering of programs. For different edifice constituents the geometry was straight taken from the theoretical account, therefore shuting the concatenation of information from early design phases until the building and fiction. For illustration, the formwork for double curved surfaces was accurately developed into field boards taken from information in the parametric theoretical account. Interior designers do n't believe in Numberss, they think in relationships, in connexions, in the whole. CAD bundles do non believe in dealingss, they think strictly in Numberss, they do non care for relationships or what they represent within the signifier or design of edifice. The parametric CAD theoretical accounts that Designtoproduction produced combined these Numberss behind the developing edifice in a set of a parametric quantities, ordering what would work and what would non ; therefore 1000s of Numberss become simply a smattering of meaningful parametric quantities. The parametric theoretical account for the Mercedes Benz Museum was non lone portion of the design but key to the building. It linked the take parting trades in the edifice in a harmonic whole with the designer moving one time once more as the maestro craftsman at the helm, supervising the building as a whole. Unlike those who use digital architecture simply for aesthetic qualities, UN studios have gone beyond an yone else in the agencies of imaginatively pull offing a edifice through a design with a mathematical parametric theoretical account, without compromising the initial design rules, cramping the design with formal or preconceived solutions. The Guardians architecture critic Jonathan Glancy has described the edifice as â€Å" jet-age Baroque † . The usage of parametric design tools, the designer had been able to plan and make a edifice which seems as though it is a merchandise of or closely linked with the Mercedes Benz trade name. It screams motion, engineering, the hereafter, and the impossible. If you think about this edifice in any other sense, an exhibitioner of modern art, an exhibitioner of any other signifier of specialist aggregation or historical artifact it merely would non work. The edifice would look to be genuinely intentionally tailored to the client and intent, that of exhibiting the greatest plants of Mercedes Benz, with this, the museum is already seen by many as one of the individual most amazing edifices of the new century.

Kurt Vonnegut Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kurt Vonnegut - Essay Example And unusually for this form, Vonnegut's science fiction is frequently comic, not just in the "black humor" mode with which he has been tagged so often, but in being simply funny" (Reed). Therefore, he gave a new prospective on comic and science fiction, which was refreshing to most readers. From there, some of the imagery in his books and artwork clarify what some people go through in order to survive life which encourages the reader to take an interest in it because it is something that some Americans are going through at the moment. "Vonnegut's vision of the fantastic in daily life surely must have been influenced by some of the extraordinary events that occurred while he was still a young man, such as the suicide of his mother on Mother's Day 1944 while he was home on leave; his surviving as a prisoner of war the Allied firebombing that destroyed Dresden; the death of his sister Alice from cancer within hours of her husband's death in a train crash. His fiction struggles to cope with a world of tragi-comic disparities, a universe that defies causality, whose absurdity lends the fantastic equal plausibility with the mundane. Much the same outlook pervades the graphic artworks that have increasingly occupied Vonnegut in recent years" (Reed). As it can be seen from his work, it shows a lot of imagery where people's experience when they are wounded and about to face painful consequences of life.However, some critics of his work do not think it gives true imagery of life because it seems more dramatic than that. Just as Vonnegut's prose style has often been characterized as honed-down, so too there is a spareness to his graphics. That is the chief distinction between the vigorously colored felt-tip calligraphy of the early 1980s and the later silk screened art. And in both, the relative simplicity of expression counterpoints the generosity of imagination and vision, making the work more compelling. Vonnegut's concise verbal pronouncements often deflate those myths habitually proffered as giving meaning to daily existence. Yet at the same time his ranging imagination captures the fantastic that permeates the mundane, the fact stranger than fiction that makes daily life forever beyond rationalization. That sense of the fantastic, of the chaotic that fills life with surprises both painful and comic, finds expression in his graphic art as it does in his fiction (Reed)". From there, he could accomplish his goals and successes because he had family support. Socially supportive arrangements as the attributes of socially legitimate roles which provide for the meeting dependency needs without loss of esteem, they are less likely to show aggression while suppressing destructive behavior. From there, socially supportive environments were presented as pattern interpersonal relationships mediated through shared values and sentiments as well as facilitate the performance of social roles through which needs are met. In summation, social support has been defined as an intervening factor tied directly to the coping process 1492. As children we were taught to memorize this year with pride and joy as the year people began living full and imaginative lives on the continent of North Americ

New Aldonias Admission to the United Nations Assignment

New Aldonias Admission to the United Nations - Assignment Example l States that love peace and those that accept the obligations documented in the UN Charter; in the organization’s judgment, are capable of carrying out these obligations. From the history evidenced in New Aldonia, it is quite satisfying that this State has tried its best to keep peace through fighting for their independence, thus showing they respect the rights of their citizens, giving a reason enough to be admitted to the United Nations. According to the Montevideo Convention initiated in 1933 on Statehood, the criteria are: a defined territory; the capacity to relate well with different nations; a permanent population, and a government (Fassbender 36). New Aldonia meets all these conventions and there is no reason enough to exclude its membership. The legal and political existence of New Aldonia is independent of recognition by other nations. Even before recognition, New Aldonia has the right to protect its independence and integrity, since it provides its prosperity and conservation. New Aldonia should organize itself as it sees fit, to enact upon its interests, for the reason that it has already defined the competence and jurisdiction of its courts, and also administered its services to justify that UN should admit

Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bibliography - Essay Example Investors who are risk-averse and are searching for a recognized periodic payment arrangement usually prefer to invest in bonds. On the other hand, investors who wish to risk more than is the case with bondholders, and are seeking to be included as joint partners in a corporation. Investors who are risk-averse and are searching for a recognized periodic payment arrangement usually prefer to invest in bonds. On the other hand, investors who wish to risk more than is the case with bondholders, and are seeking to be included as joint partners in a corporation. The source describes one disadvantage in investing in stocks being that they do not necessarily guarantee returns. Bonds, however, guarantee returns (Kristof, 17). The source also states that there are greater prospects of high returns with stocks, even though there is also the likelihood of losing money. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of each? Milevsky, Moshe. Are You a Stock or a Bond?: Identify Your Own H uman Capital for a Secure Financial Future, Updated and Revised. New York: FT Press, 2012. The source describes stocks and bonds as being types of investment that give people the chance to invest their money in a specific business establishments in the hope of accruing handsome profits in future. Though both of these have a number of similarities, they also differ considerably in many ways. Both of these financial tools, in general, allow an individual to be able to invest in private or public companies, in the hope of being a future beneficiary through accrued profits. Stocks, which define the ownership shares in a corporation, are often the most favored by short time investor. One disadvantage in investing in stocks is that they do not necessarily guarantee returns. Bonds, however, guarantee returns. Therefore, there are greater prospects of high returns with stocks, even though there is also the likelihood of losing money. The source asserts that stocks are descriptive of a busin ess’s shares (Milevsky, 84). When a shareholder uses his own money to buy stocks from the company, he is actually acquiring ownership of the business. When the business realizes any profit, a percentage of it is given to the shareholders. In the matter of bonds, when a person invests in them, he is actually lending money to the business in question with the expectation that the firm will reimburse the bonds' amount along with a pre-determined interest rate on a definite time period. According to the source, business establishments may need to raise capital in such ways in order to expand into different localities or new ventures. They also raise capital in order to fund their businesses. Usually, it is the developing businesses that favor issuing stocks to get the necessary finances as this facilitates their growth while helping them to avoid accumulating more debt. The larger corporations are more likely to prefer acquiring capital by availing bonds without giving the chance of ownership to additional shareholders. The Risks involved in making investments in stocks and bonds Bernstein, William. The Ages of the Investor: A Critical Look at Life-cycle Investing. New York: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012. The source states that for the most part, making such investments in a company always has different risks for the shareholder; but can also deliver handsome profits (Bernstein,

English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English Language - Essay Example In context of the communicative approach to language learning, I would like to start touching upon the models proposed by Krashen as far as motivation and effectiveness of technology in teaching goes. This will lay the structure for us to consider the nuances of shared reading in the linguistic context. (Mercer et al, 1996) The first model is called affective filter hypothesis. We will study this model from the perspective of bilingualism. It has been assumed that every child has a first language before he or she knows it. But we must remember, there are also many homes in various parts of the world where children are brought up with a more or less equitable exposure to two and sometimes, even three languages – both in the written and spoken forms. For example, an average curriculum in India for any school includes English as well as a second language, which is more often than not Hindi (the national language), and finally a third language until the age of 13 (this is generally the regional or local language). Therefore, to study this hypothesis we must keep in mind that there are individuals who grow up with equally strong holds over two or even more languages. (Mercer et al, 1996) To begin with this hypothesis works on the assumption that there is a filter in every individual’s mind that impedes the process of the second (or third) language or L2 entering into one’s awareness. The elements that are required to cross this phase include relaxing techniques and the creation of a congenial learning environment. A congenial environment more often than not signifies cooperation and a certain comfort level in carrying out various reading and writing exercises. This further sets the platform for shared reading. It is therefore, an accepted fact that shared reading must be initiated among children when they are very small as this is the time when they are the least intimidated by interaction with other

Erosion on the Earths Moon, Venus and Mercury Assignment - 1

Erosion on the Earths Moon, Venus and Mercury - Assignment Example Its solid surface and thick crust also support this idea. The right reason why there is so less erosion observed in the surface of Mercury and Venus is that unlike Earth, these planets have no tectonic plates. Since there are no tectonic plates to move with respect to one another, therefore, there remains no room for the energy from the Mantle to escape. Instead, Venus goes through a repetitive process that makes the temperature of the Mantle rise to a critical point, beyond which the crust melts, though it takes quite long for it to renew itself, thereby dissipating all of the stored heat in the Mantle. Besides, Venus has no moons to produce a tidal effect and accordingly, no erosion results because of a lack of moons’ gravity. Erosion on the moon is very less / negligible because there is no wind or precipitation to cause erosion. A planets size and its distance from the Sun play a very important role in deciding the atmosphere a planet would have. Let’s take the example of the planet Earth. Earth is the fifth-largest planet among all and it is two planets (Mercury and Venus) away from the Sun. Unlike many other planets, the huge size of Earth leaves a lot of room for the heat to accumulate in its interior i. e. the core of Earth. The accumulated heat forces the tectonic plates to slide past one another so that the heat can be dissipated outside the earth into the atmosphere. â€Å"Earths geological activity also affects the average temperatures. As a simple example, if there is a massive volcanic eruption that sends large amounts of dust into the atmosphere, then the dust could block sunlight thereby cooling the Earth.† (Pandian, 2002).

Los Vendidos by Luis Valdez Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Los Vendidos by Luis Valdez - Research Paper Example It is clear from the study that in his play Luis Valdez highlights racism, social injustice, stereotyping and corruption of social identity as key problems faced by the Mexican and Mexican- American groups. The perpetrators are the Americans. The Mexican stereotypes are not accepted by the American society thus face constant disapproval and discrimination. This case is demonstrated by the proceedings of the secretary-Miss Jimenez who goes to buy a â€Å"brown-skinned† robot that has a Mexican appeal. However, she focuses on a model that is likely to be accepted by the American society for having certain characteristics such as the English speaking ability, sophistication and hard-working. The secretary highlights these characteristics as the ideal representation of the American. These characteristics are completely opposite to those associated with Mexicans or Mexicans-Americans. They are known as lazy, stupid and illiterate. As much as the Americans are blamed for these acts against the community having Mexicans roots, they are also to blame for its spread. The shop owner and the secretary have Mexican roots but instead, continue to stick to the stereotypes set by the Americans. This proves to a certain point that they are also inclined to believe it is the actual case with people of Mexican roots. The author focuses much on the effects of the Americans in perpetrating this kind of discrimination while also failing to recognize the role played by the Mexicans and the Mexican-American society. While buying the models Miss Jimenez- a Latina, but she play-acts as an American, and for that matter she is inclined or rather believes that products made in the U.S.A are way better. In fact she wishes to buy a Mexican-American product only made in the USA are because they thought to be of better quality than those made by Mexicans. After going past a Mexican a revolutionist, a pachuco, a farmworker and a college-educated Mexican-American, the secretary decides t o take the last one. She buys the model, but just after making the monetary disbursement he acts in an unforeseen way. Terrified, she leaves the model shop without taking the merchandise she had bought (Valdez, 1995). This explains that she had conflicts with how the office would like her purchase. Perhaps it would not please them enough. This shows that the Latinos have to great extent become subject to enabling the spread of this stereotyping. The author does not dwell much on it though it is an indispensable part of the play. It is very notable. Until this instant in the text â€Å"Los Vendidos†the reader can see the diverse stereotypes about Latinos themselves, comprising those who act as if they are not Latinos like the secretary. If the play ended at that point, it would be anassessment on the relationships based on stereotypes. However, Luis Valdez goes ahead and displays the set of Latinos who act like robots distributing the money they had got from the secretary and seeingas stupid those people who

Program for Education, Health and Food in Mexico Essay Example for Free

Program for Education, Health and Food in Mexico Essay The United Nations formulated global targets to be attained by all nations which are referred to as millennium development goals (MDGs), which need to be met by 2015. This is the foundation for the major development agendas set by separate nations in the world today that all are geared towards these goals. For instance these goals includes poverty and hunger reduction, universal primary education, equitable access to all levels of education and a reduction in maternal and child mortality (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 45). Therefore in order these targets to be achieved globally, they ought first to be achieved by the individual nations as units making the globe. This therefore calls for the commitment of nations geared towards implementing multi sectoral strategies of these individual nations in the whole world to attain these MDGs which bears the common good to the majority. In this connection, Latin America is not an exception to the global programs. In this regard, Latin America established five conditional cash transfers programs aimed at reducing poverty and to increase human capital in form of education, (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 23) health and nutrition in order to contribute to the attainment of the United Nations development targets set by the year 2015 in the globe (Coady Parker, 2004, p. 178). These programs include Bolsa Escola program (which provides school grants), Programme for the Eradication of Child Labour in Brazil, the Families in Action program in Colombia, the Social Protection Network in Nicaragua, and Oportunidades program in Mexico. However this term paper shall give focus to the Oportunidades program in Mexico (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 63). Concepts of Conditional cash transfers The concepts of CCT (Conditional cash transfers) are new development programs adapted by nations as a result of global development challenges. The approach of CCTs are adapted with an aim to foster human capital accumulation among the young generation in order to break inter-generational vicious poverty cycle in the modern generation (ECLAC, 2002, p. 82), so that tomorrow world can have a poverty free generation with reduced social crisis. Therefore CCTs involves providing and availing money to poor families conditional upon investments in human capital such educating children, improving the health through creating health centrers close to the people and nutritional aspect (Coady Parker, 2004, p. 23). This is done through the use of the demand-side interventions to support directly the beneficiaries as opposed to traditional supply-side mechanisms like provision of general subsidies or investments in health providers of social services or health facilities and centrers or schools. In this regard therefore Conditional Cash Transfers programs targets at improving children’s human capital. Which is similar to the case of Latin America and Mexicos Programa de Educacion, Saludy Alimentacion (PROGRES) (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 131). However in order to analyse the conditional cash transfers, the analysis should be based on the new approach to social protection, that encompasses risk management approach that is aimed at enhancing human capital and defeating poverty in the longer term plans (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 5). For instance the social risk management strategy indicates that individuals, households and communities are exposed to multiple risks in their environment. Thus Poverty translates to greater vulnerability of the poor community, simply because poor people in the community or society usually are limited to access to instruments that are necessary for risk management (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 213). In addition poor sect of society or community are always poorly prepared to cope with crises whenever they occur. For example the poor sect would handle a financial crisis using an informal method and approach like taking their children out of school and keeping them at home, which is insufficient approach to crisis management. This way of handling crises results to irreversible loss of human capital and perpetuated intergenerational poverty cycle that becomes hard and difficult to reduce (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 141). In this respect the social risk management model uses three functions that are vital for the public policies. This includes the prevention, mitigation and coping, which embraces the long term benefits and reduced consequences. Therefore, it ends up helping benefiting people living in structural poverty, people who are just above the poverty line and groups with special needs in the society. Therefore, the CCTs approach is rooted from the concept of social protection as human capital investment that holds that poverty is reproduced across human generations due to a lack of investment in human capital (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 63). In this respect CCTs approach is more effective than the traditional approach, since it incentivizes this human capital investment by attaching conditions to transfers to produce desired results to the community and world at large. The use of CCTs in education ensures that opportunity cost of education is reduced hence reinforces the income effect of the transfer in such a way that school attendance and child labour is not as a substitute to income effect. This is aided by implementation regulations such as compulsory attendance of school by children with income substitution to enhance its impact. In this case when the children spend much time in school they would not consume as much resources as they would consume when are at home. Hence in terms of conditional cash transfers it implies that,there will be a minimum transfer amount needed to produce incentives 0 to send children to school (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 56). Therefore, this ensures that the saved resources are put to development agendas that will enhance wealth creation and more investment realization. The program was created in the year 1997 by Mexican Federal Governments as a strategy to support rural families in extreme poverty to alleviate from those poor conditions (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 39). But the name changed to Oportunidades meaning Opportunities that was extended to urban populations by president Fox in the 2001. This program uses the conditional cash transfer concept within Latin America and its design marks a significant shift in social services provision in Mexico today. The guiding principles that the program uses to work are; targeting, intersectorality, empowerment of women and shared responsibility. The program was created for the purpose of increasing the capabilities of families that live in extreme poverty by investing in human capital in Mexico (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 42). This goal has three main objectives which includes education, health and nutrition. This is because the three component are dependent of each other. For instance, education will enhance technological development in the health and food production sectors to handle diseases and agricultural areas respectively, while education can not continue and progress within the environment that is infested by diseases and poor health as a result of malnutrition. Both components, if they are not balanced, can result to poor productivity in the economy and society. In this connection, the following section shall look at these three components Educational component The payments that concerns educational expenses are made to families with children under the age of 18 who are enrolled in school between the first year of primary education and the third year of secondary school. But in order to create and initiate incentive for families to invest in human capital, payments are conditional to children attending school. In addition, if a child has a non-attendance rate of over 15 percent in one academic month without a valid reason, the family does not receive the assistance that concerns education. By doing so, the government ensures that great emphasis is laid to education and eliminates unnecessary laxity in the implementation process, by involving parent to monitor their children and educationalists to keep updated record which the government uses to allocate payments to parents hence, each stakeholder participates in the process (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 272) . The amount of money that is transferred are set basing on the additional income the children would be fetching to the family if the child would be working and not attending to school. The payment rises with an increase in the age of a child. However, this is schemed higher for girls at secondary level (ECLAC, 2002, p. 71) . This is to encourage a girl child education like many parts of the world today do. In addition to regulation of the payment, the pay is designed to be inflation concious that prevents falling of value. In general, the grant is dependant on the enrolment and school attendance. While, the grant covers both direct costs required like school fees, school supplies, transportation and the opportunity costs as a result of attending school in Mexico (Davis, 2003, p. 30). Health component In relation to the health component Oportunidades program invokes the provision of primary health care to all members of the family, this to cultivate an enabling environment for the leaner to able attended to well. The health services are provided at clinics, dispensaries and health centrers which are operated and run by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Social Security Institute) and the Secretariat of Health (Davis, 2003, p. 128). These grants are targeted to newborn children of about 2-3 years of age (ECLAC, 2002, p. 129), hich may continue up to the time the children enrols in primary school level. In addition to the that, pregnant and lactating women are included in the program. This component consists of a cash transfer aimed at health care, nutrition education and food consumption that benefits mothers and children. The transfer is on the basis of compliance by participating household members with a pre-determined number of health centre visits and health and nutrition workshops which are attended, this ensures a full participation in the process and community unity (Gertle, 2000, p. 61). The children’s health care visits are linked to growth monitoring and vaccination protocols that needs to be observed by mothers. This ensures that, the health standards are maintained by citizen which forms a healthy nation. In addition to that, Health Care visits for pregnant and lactating women ensures appropriate prenatal, childbirth and puerperal care (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 76) through attending clinical check-ups once or twice per year in Mexico. This health component ensures that the societys well being is taken into account therefore, this will translate to good education involvement and participatory. Therefore health component indirectly or directly promotes and support education. Nutrition component The grant provided is directed towards providing money to improve food consumption and availability, especially to children below age of 4 months to 2 years (Gertle, 2000, p. 232), weaned babies and breastfeeding mothers. This package is inclusive of children aged above the age of 2 years to 5 years who are at risk of malnutrition or those who are poorly nourished (ECLAC, 2002, p. 223) in the society. The condition to continue and get the grants is based upon ability to visit the health clinics regularly, in this way, the population continues to be updated on the health prevention and cure methods while the government gets the required statistics that are vital for planning and fighting infections to its citizens. It should be noted that the nutrition and health voucher as equivalent to the value of the time invested by the mother during the trip and waiting at the health centre to to get health services (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 267). For instance, the statistics indicate that health grant per beneficiary per month was set at the same level as the education transfer of about US$9, which is twice the monthly expenditure per person on health care and medicine costs.

The Technology Aided Learning Education Essay

The Technology Aided Learning Education Essay Hey man! Whats wrong? Why are you crying? I didnt attend the last lecture how can I do the assignment now? Oh dont worry! I have the lecture recorded in my pen. Pen Yes it records video. Here take this Education is a complex subject which appears to elude definition. With the passage of time it has gathered new dimensions and stirred the human mind in unpredictable ways. Education is a continuous process and it aims at total development of the individual. Learning is not a single activity; it includes at least three different stages: accretion, restructuring, and tuning That is the, progress from the unsure and anxious state of the learner to the serene and experienced skill of the expert. It is not enough to understand and learn a subject. When a subject has been learned, it should be used. It should be practiced. It should be tuned until it is used effortlessly. An old proverb says, I heard it and I forgot it, I saw it and I remembered it, I did it and I learned it. Learning is therefore more effective when it occurs in an interactive setting that is mostly promoted through the use of educational technology. Now a days one can not live without technology. There is hardly an area of our life which is free from its presence whether it is health or education, industry or transport, communication or entertainment, fashion or domestic comforts technology is there all around us to serve us in every possible manner. TAL is an abbreviation of Technology Aided Learning and is one of the most commonly used acronyms within education. TAL has been increasingly used to describe the use of technology for learning purposes. The need for technology in the classroom is rapidly increasing with the changing times. What one must remember is that TAL is used to assist the user in learning or understanding a particular subject or thought in different or with interesting presentation. The key word here is Assist which means that it is not alone in this aim and that there are other methods involved too. In other words it is a small part of a much larger picture. It is relatively a new learning technique and is used for individual learning, in schools and in workplaces no matter what age groups the learner might belong to. TAL can be equally beneficial for people with disabilities. It will give them the opportunity to work side by side with peers. Technology today is flexible enough to stretch and meet their spec ial requirements. It will help them self-advocate In workplace environment it helps everyone by keeping a breast with latest techniques and solving day to day problems. Technology today provides virtual environments in which to check the viability of projects in real life situations. According to the British Journal of Educational Technology published by the National centre for Educational Technology, U.K. No. 2, Vol. 2, May 1971. Educational technology basically means all the intellectual and operational efforts made during recent years to regroup, arrange and systematize the application of scientific methods to the organization of new sets of equipment and material so as to optimize learning process. Majority of the people prefer TAL over traditional methods. TAL can cater a large number of people at the same time whereas traditional teacher centered methods can accommodate a certain number only. Technological learning commonly known as E-learning is defined as the use of new multimedia technologies and the Internet to improve the quality of learning by facilitating access to resources and services, as well as remote exchange and collaboration (EC, 2001). An integral part of the e-learning is video-conferencing technology, which allows students to talk to experts and other schools and students around the world in real time via a video link-up. Virtual schools are a relatively new phenomenon that is gripping the nation which makes it possible for everyone to learn at the same time even if they are at different ends of the globe. In this way a lot of time is saved from repeating or preparing the same lecture for separate classes. It is also benefactor for all those who due to one reason or another cannot go to educational institutions by having online lectures in their homes. If such virtual schools can be developed it might prove to be a sigh of relief for all those countries who import oil and other fuels as less to and from movement from educational institutions will bring a decrease in demand for fuel import thus giving a much required relief to their withering economy and might even boost it. Such a strategy can be particularly use ful in rural areas where online learning can help teachers and students in remote areas overcome distance. So in this way it can lend a helping hand in solving the current staff to student ratio crisis. Technology is the potential savior of the education system, because it can be used to personalize learning. The learner can learn at the pace he is most comfortable with and can design his learning according to his knowledge and needs, record the progress he makes. While some of the people want technology to replace traditional learning altogether others might disagree. A more moderate approach to the issue in question would be that both techniques should be employed in balance because some students from backward areas do not have the pace and are not at all comfortable with technology and also because it decreases student to student and student to teacher communication up to some extent. This strategy of blending online learning with school-based instruction is often utilized to accommodate students diverse learning styles and to enable them to work before or after school in ways that are not possible with conventional classroom instructions. Learners respond to information differently. As a result, it is often to the teachers advantage to use many different formats and modes to teach the lesson. Factors which influence the use of TAL include availability of resources and time and also on the difficulty of the topic and the strength and level of the class being taught. Use of TAL also broadens the mindset by giving every kind of information in one place. Most of the instructors just teach whatever is in the book and do not go outside its scope. Some do not employ TAL techniques due to power fluctuations and also non credibility of information up to some extent. The kind of technologies employed include internet, video conferences, audio and video cassettes regarding book content, online tests, online reference books, articles/journals and a wide range of gadgets including Projector, Camera, Electronic Board, Computer and different multimedia aids. While open educational resources are freely available over the net to every student without any discrimination, effort should be made that they meet standards of quality, accuracy and credibility as with any other educational resource. TAL is an effective learning technique.TAL provides an active learning atmosphere because different audio and visual materials appeal to the senses and completely grabs their attention. The listener of today does not want a dull lecture he prefers education through entertainment. Because of its comfortableness sometimes listener feels at ease and then might miss out a few things but TAL has the ability to reignite listeners interest. Because of the healthy interaction between technology and students interest in even dull topics can be developed. Audience motivation increases due to the use of TAL because everyday theres something new. Hence, if proper motivation and learning environment is provided TAL can surely enhance learning capabilities. Outside school, students constantly interact with technologies such as iPods, mobile phones, the internet and social networking sites, so it is little wonder theres an expectation that these technologies will also support their learning in the classroom. In recent world a program has been trialled that allowed students and teachers to download free information and resources through iTunes U an area of the iTunes store offering free education content from top institutions around the world. The departments assistant executive director curriculum support says that, by providing online content in alternative formats, the department hopes to make the information more accessible and appealing to people in the education community. This program will also test the practicality of using alternative electronic formats to distribute the departments information. The iTunes project also means that students can better communicate with their peers and access different perspectives on their subjects by sharing audio files to discuss their school work. Advantages of TAL in classroom include but are not limited to those mentioned here. The ideal classroom is an interactive, collaborative, and innovative place of discovery; technology is a key piece in achieving that goal. The use of TAL is increasing due to its fast and effective delivery of concepts and convenience. One of the advantages of using multimedia is to convey information quickly and effectively to all learners-and keep them interested in learning. (Savage and Vogel, 1996). Each and every one of the student pays 100% attention. TAL increases the interest in learning by creating an environment which is both innovative and creative and engages the student more fully. TAL makes one forget the chalk dust, the textbooks and make them a thing of the past. TAL is bliss for all those who want permanent and up to date knowledge. The use of TAL has introduced the concept of self education. When students find a term they are interested in they would simply research it and discus whatever they have found with their classmates. TAL also has an upper hand due to its diverse material. It sure is a fun way to get your students to review important material. It is certainly an advantage for all those who want to gain extra. It also saves the student and teacher from the hassle of carrying books and notes to and from the classroom. TAL expands whatever the course offers. When the same material is taught for awhile the student and even the teacher himself might find it les s than exciting. A quick internet search might help you identify ways to supplement your lessons with interesting new material such as photographs, sound clips, video clips, which can more than bring your lessons to life. Hence the use of technology allows teachers to diversify their lectures, display more information, and enhance learners learning. All student related info such as grades, attendance, progress reports etc can be uploaded which will make it possible to access it from any computer and hence make it easier for students and parents to track the students progress. Technology helps us in training our students in such a way that they master the 4Cs which are creativity, collaboration, communication and critical-thinking. TAL creates a sense of independent learning and help students in experiencing real life situations in the comfortable surroundings. With the aid of technology, many teachers take students beyond traditional classroom limits, creating virtual environments to experiment and explore (Hamza and Alhalabi, 1999). TAL reduces the cost of instructional materials. Technology is infused in almost every aspect of our daily lives so students from institutions which employ TAL techniques frequently have an upper hand than the rest as they are already trained in the much required skills. Students with little or no interest are simply not stimulated unless given technology as the backbone to their learning. Although some technologies sound space-aged and technical, most of the technologies that students are using are the same as those in most homes; the main difference is that, in schools, their educational potential is being explored. Like everything TAL also has some disadvantages. Lets imagine a situation where a teacher is having trouble with technological devices and it might sometimes be embarrassing when a student tells him or her how to troubleshoot the problem in question. However, that doesnt mean a teacher can turn away from using technology altogether. Instead, workshops should be arranged to bring such teachers into this new era of education by giving them the choice of what technology to use with their students. Given budget restraints, one hears more arguments in favor of traditional learning rather than use of technology in classrooms. The best solution to the financial problem is to allow students to bring in their own devices which mean that some students will have i-pads, pods, phones and laptops while others will have nothing. Technology, in this case, will likely serve to increase the gap between the rich and the poor and create a sense of deprivation. Sometimes students take it easy and become passive in the classroom or even dont come in the class because they know that whatever will be taught will be uploaded and they can find the same or better resources then that shown in the class. In this way they stop learning content and go to learn technology instead. Technology loses its novelty over time as its extensive use might make the lecture dull for then it will become a routine. Extra efficient people can surely find something more to do but in this way a little less motivated students will be left far behind and thus a gap will be created. TAL can be of major disadvantage for backward area people in terms of communication gap. The extensive use of technology may cause to lose activeness and brain storming etc. Some were of the view that they even serve as distraction. Some teachers might rely on technology exclusively to make their job quicker and easier, but what one must remember is that a teachers job is never easy. As far as technology is concerned there is a very faint line between education and environment. Teachers should be properly trained to emphasize knowledge and skills related to instructional technology use. Educational institutions in the country should be provided with modern instructional resources to facilitate teaching. The future of TAL in terms of teaching/learning and transfer of information to any individual all of them saw a bright future some even went so far as to suggest that TAL might completely replace the traditional techniques. A revolution might be coming ahead which aims to prepare students for further education and training, jobs of the future and to live and work in a digital world. Some school students ages 9-12 are even now being switched on to some of the most up-to-date technology available, from laptop computers to interactive whiteboards, video-conferencing equipment and even virtual classrooms. TAL should be employed side by side with traditional techniques rather then relying alone on technology. TAL should be employed on a larger scale and everything should be done for its promotion throughout the country. A clear cut line should be introduced so that these technologies and resources are not misused. The daily interaction with technology will help in producing students or le arners being leaders of 21st century.