Ancestry of Camilla Parker-Bowles

The second wife of Britains Prince Charles, Camilla Parker Bowles was born Camilla Shand in London, England in 1947. She met Prince Charles at Windsor Great Park in the early seventies. Believing he would never propose, however, she married Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles with whom she had two children, Tom, born in 1975 and Laura, born in 1979. Her marriage to Andrew ended in divorce in January 1995. Interesting Facts One of the most famous individuals in Camillas family tree is her great-grandmother, Alice Frederica Edmonstone Keppel, royal mistress to King Edward VII from 1898 until his death in 1910. Madonna shares a distant relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles through Zacharie Cloutier (1617-1708), while Celine Dion shares descent with Camilla from Jean Guyon (1619-1694). Camilla Parker-Bowles Family Tree This family tree is explained using an  Ahnentafel chart,  a standard numbering scheme which makes it easy to see at a glance how a specific ancestor is related to the root individual, as well as easily navigate between generations of a family. First Generation: 1. Camilla Rosemary SHAND was born on 17 Jul 1947 in Kings College Hospital, London.  She married Brigadier Andrew Henry PARKER-BOWLES (b. 27 Dec 1939) at The Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, on 4 July 1973. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1996.1 Second Generation: 2. Major Bruce Middleton Hope SHAND was born on 22 Jan 1917.2  Major Bruce Middleton Hope SHAND and Rosalind Maud CUBITT were married on 2 Jan 1946 in St. Pauls Knightsbridge.3 3. Rosalind Maud CUBITT was born on 11 Aug 1921 in 16 Grosvenor Street, London.  She died in 1994.3 Major Bruce Middleton Hope SHAND and Rosalind Maud CUBITT had the following children:4 1 i. Camilla Rosemary SHANDii. Sonia Annabel SHAND was born on 2 Feb 1949.iii. Mark Roland SHAND was born on 28 Jun 1951 and died on 23 Apr 2014. Third Generation: 4. Philip Morton SHAND was born on 21 Jan 1888 in Kensington.5 He died on 30 Apr 1960 in Lyon, France. Philip Morton SHAND and Edith Marguerite HARRINGTON were married on 22 Apr 1916.6 They were divorced in 1920. 5. Edith Marguerite HARRINGTON was born on 14 Jun 1893 in Fulham, London.7 Philip Morton SHAND and Edith Marguerite HARRINGTON had the following children: 2 i. Major Bruce Middleton Hope SHANDii. Elspeth Rosamund Morton SHAND 6. Roland Calvert CUBITT, 3rd Baron Ashcombe, was born on 26 Jan 1899 in London and  died on 28 Oct 1962 in Dorking, Surrey.  Roland Calvert CUBITT and Sonia Rosemary KEPPEL were married on 16 Nov 1920 in Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, St. George Hanover Square.8 They were divorced in Jul 1947. 7. Sonia Rosemary KEPPEL was born on 24 May 1900.9  She died on 16 Aug 1986. Roland Calvert CUBITT and Sonia Rosemary KEPPEL had the following children: 3 i. Rosalind Maud CUBITTii. Henry Edward CUBITT was born on 31 Mar 1924.iii. Jeremy John CUBITT was born on 7 May 1927.  He died on 12 Jan 1958. Fourth Generation: 8. Alexander Faulkner SHAND was born on 20 May 1858 in Bayswater, London.10 He died on 6 Jan 1936 in Edwardes Place, Kensington, London. Alexander Faulkner SHAND and Augusta Mary COATES were married on 22 Mar 1887 in St. George, Hanover Square, London.11 9. Augusta Mary COATES was born on 16 May 1859 in Bath, Somerset.12 Alexander Faulkner SHAND and Augusta Mary COATES had the following children: 4 i. Philip Morton SHAND 10. George Woods HARRINGTON was born on 11 Nov 1865 in Kensington.13 George Woods HARRINGTON and Alice Edith STILLMAN were married on 4 Aug 1889 in St. Lukes, Paddington.14 11. Alice Edith STILLMAN was born about 1866 in Notting Hill, London.15 George Woods HARRINGTON and Alice Edith STILLMAN had the following children: i. Cyril G. HARRINGTON was born about 1890 in Parsons Green.5 ii. Edith Marguerite HARRINGTON 12. Henry CUBITT, 2nd Baron Ashcombe was born on 14 Mar 1867. He died on 27 Oct 1947 in Dorking, Surrey. Henry CUBITT and Maud Marianne CALVERT were married on 21 Aug 1890 in Ockley, Surrey, England. 13. Maud Marianne CALVERT was born in 1865 in Charlton, near Woolwich, England. She died on 7 Mar 1945. Henry CUBITT and Maud Marianne CALVERT had the following children: i. Captain Henry Archibald CUBITT was born on 3 Jan 1892.  He died on 15 Sep 1916.ii. Lieutenant Alick George CUBITT was born on 16 Jan 1894.  He died on 24 Nov 1917.iii. Lieutenant William Hugh CUBITT was born on 30 May 1896.  He died on 24 Mar 1918.6 iv. Roland Calvert CUBITT, 3rd Baron Ashcombev. Archibald Edward CUBITT was born on 16 Jan 1901.  He died on 13 Feb 1972.vi. Charles Guy CUBITT was born on 13 Feb 1903.  He died in 1979. 14. Lt. Col. George KEPPEL was born on 14 Oct 1865 and  died on 22 Nov 1947.16 Lt. Col. George KEPPEL and Alice Frederica EDMONSTONE were married on 1 Jun 1891 in St. George, Hanover Square, London.17 15. Alice Frederica EDMONSTONE was born in 1869 in Duntreath Castle, Loch Lomond, Scotland. She died on 11 Sep 1947 in Villa Bellosquardo, near Firenze, Italy. Lt. Col. George KEPPEL and Alice Frederica EDMONSTONE had the following children: i. Violet KEPPEL was born on 6 Jun 1894.  She died on 1 Mar 1970.7 ii. Sonia Rosemary KEPPEL

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia - 1337 Words

Samuel Lucas S.J. Cordell-Robinson Advanced English 11 December 18, 2014 Symptoms of Schizophrenia What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects people all over the world. In addition, it was named by the brilliant psychiatrist and psychologist from Germany, Eugen Bleuler. Well, we must first define what a mental disorder is. A mental disorder is a mental health condition that affects the sufferer’s emotions, thought processes and behavioral activities. Other common mental disorders (also known as mental illnesses) besides schizophrenia include but are not limited to depression, anxiety and eating disorders, and other destructively addictive behaviors. Therefore, schizophrenia is a mental disorder as it is often†¦show more content†¦In the aptly named cotard delusion, one believes that a person either was never born or has perished. In the delusion of infidelity, a person believes incorrectly that their concubine or wife/husband has not maintained loyalty to them. In the delusion of guilt or sin or delusion of self -accusation, one can exhibit an unfounded feeling of horrible regret or guilt. Some other delusional themes are more straightforward in their naming convention: the delusion of mind being read and the delusion of poverty, for example. More significant delusions include grandiose religious delusion in which the schizophrenic person believes himself to be a messianic figure or even a deity vested with divine powers. This can lead to the formation of cults, as is evidenced by the schizophrenic behavior exhibited by David Koresh, the cult leader of the Branch Davidian cult which was terminated in a violent siege with the United States of America in the state of Texas. Some sickening delusions can be the somatic delusions. These somatic delusions pertain to the delusions that directly affect the body and/or stimulate the senses. Some victims can suffer from delusional parasitosis. In delusional parasitosis, one feels as though they may be infested with insects, bacteria and sundry other creepy callers. Erotomania is the delusion where a schizophrenic finds themselves enamoured of someone else for no

A Move to a Better Life Essay Sample free essay sample

I ever ask the inquiry to myself. what would come of me if I would hold stayed and lived in my â€Å"hometown† . the metropolis of Long Beach for the entireness of my juvenile life. The populated metropolis is north of San Diego and about 20 stat mis south of the metropolis of Los Angeles. Common in most towns or metropoliss anyplace in the universe. there is what’s known as a friendly side of town and a bad. sketchy. or ghetto side of town. In Long Beach it is no different with it holding a well-known offense populated country. Where my household and I used to shack was on the more risky countries to populate in Long Beach because of non holding the most sum of money I’m certain my parents would hold liked. The vicinity was bulk Mexican and African-American populated throughout and I had a batch of Mexican friends turning up playing with them or holding them over to my house for a small drama day of the month. We will write a custom essay sample on A Move to a Better Life Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I used to discourse in Spanish a small spot with them and their parents and English every bit good but non fluently. It was a really multi-cultural manner of life because most of the family’s that lived there including ours were really traditional and household oriented. On the down side it was besides a really gang populated town about where we lived and at the local High school around us. It was non the safest topographic point to turn up as a yearling but it was where my sister and I were born. In the summer on 2002 my male parent got a occupation chance to work in San Francisco and travel from his hometown and household ; he chose for my household and I to travel north 45 proceedingss of San Francisco to a little town of Petaluma and I believe that was the greatest thing that could hold happened to me and still is to this day of the month. My male parent could be one of the strongest work forces that I know in my life. He isn’t the most fit or healthy feeding peoples either but excels in the strength of the head and spirit. When me and my household moved up north 450 stat mis to get down a life of our ain I didn’t rather understand until the past few old ages how hard it was for my male parent to make so. We lived in Long Beach for the first 10 old ages of my life because of my male parent had a occupation for a company called Boeing and we didn’t want to hold him transpose. We were merely a 20 minute thrust from the whole remainder of my dad’s household who lived in Santa Monica and we practically went to hold dinner or see them every other twenty-four hours. It was by and large all of our household and they had all been born and raised around Southern California and stayed and started their ain households at that place. Thus it would be about impossible to believe of that my male parent and female parent would travel us off from something so foreign. to a quite state life that is a complete 180 grades from a busy muggy metropolis life of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Though after speaking with my pa he told me of one narrative of one dark he was up late observation Television and he heard a clang ; a rummy driver had swerved onto our lawn but went past and drove into the side of our following door neighbor’s house. Besides subsequently that hebdomad my cousin. 18 at the clip. had been jumped on his manner place from school and my pa could m erely conceive of if that happened to me. These two things were the breakage point for him and did non desire that sort of childhood for his ain childs. If you have seen the film Freedom Writers. it is based from Woodrow Wilson High School in Long Beach. California and that was the local high school I lived around and would hold attended when I grew to the appropriate age. It is non as pack oriented every bit much as it was back when they made the film and book but still is a whole different universe than the simple. safe. state Casa Grande High School in Petaluma. I do love that I went there and made all the great friends that I have to today but compared to Woodrow. it was a bar walk of life. I used to non wish athleticss when I was smaller because my friends didn’t like to make it and didn’t start playing until I was in Petaluma because most all the childs I met did. I was merely nine or ten but I’m certain my parents wouldn’t have pressured me into playing if I didn’t want and what else would I have been making through junior high and high school with all that free clip with friends non being occupied by faculty members or sports. I don’t talk or see any of my old immature friends that I used to populate by and travel to Elementary School with. but I am friends with a few of them on Facebook and other socie tal web sites. A few of them are gang oriented or merely look like they have been through a unsmooth life and merely makes me believe about what life would be like if that were me or if I still lived at that place. I’m non stating they don’t enjoy their lives or they have non appreciated it but it is easy to state life is more unsafe and complicated there with offense. poorness around where they live and hang out. Populating in Long Beach until the age nine and below I don’t recall most of the clip that I had populating at that place. I can remember a certain minute in every Christmas. birthday. or possibly a large household event. but other than that I don’t have the best memory of how life aspired. We lived in little to medium size two sleeping room house that my sister and I slept in the same room. I wasn’t allowed to be out in the forepart yard of all time if I wasn’t with my ma or pa. Once we moved to Petaluma it was a passage for all of us. At first I wasn’t able to kip for the first few hebdomads because it was excessively rather at dark until I got to the full adapted to the scenery. Besides my male parent and I found out that we had a batch more allergic reactions than we thought as we became reacted to wherever we went it had seemed like. I shortly after began subscribing up into baseball. hoops. and association football and I continue playing baseb all until this twenty-four hours. But after the first few months we became adapted to the conditions. made friends. and fell in love with our new hometown. It’s weird to believe that one of the biggest determinations in my immature short life has been made for me and affected what I would hold been and what I am today. I am highly thankful for the bravery my male parent and female parent had to take us and travel us off from the metropolis to the state. To give us a opportunity at an independent. simple life that we wouldn’t have to worry about anything but merely being childs. traveling to school. and populating our lives the manner we wanted. They merely wanted to give us the life that they were neer able to hold when they were our age. As Jon Krakauer said in his novel Into the Wild. â€Å"†¦make a extremist alteration in your life style and get down to boldly make things which you may antecedently neer have thought of making. or been excessively hesitating to try. So many people live within unhappy fortunes and yet will non take the enterprise to alter their state of affairs because they are conditioned to a life of security. conformance. and preservation. all of which may look to give one peace of head. but in world nil is more detrimental to the adventuresome spirit within a adul t male than a unafraid future† .

Lend Lease Group free essay sample

Lend Lease Group (officially Lend Lease Corporation Limited, LLC) is a vertically integrated real estate solutions provider group established by Dick Dusseldorp in Australia in 1958 and headquartered in Sydney (1. investsmart). Lend Lease is a primary global real estate and infrastructure group. Its major business deeds are focused on the construction, management and development of both public and private enterprises real estate assets. 2. lend lease). Lend Lease imparts broad array of services for example retail service, design and construction, environmental consulting services, construction management, building structural design, architecture and urban design (3. BBR). Lend Lease also copes and invests equity in public private partnership projects and takes on green-field development and a huge level of urban regeneration projects (3. BBR). Lend Lease has its own strategic focus and at present LLC is focused on communication and implementation of its key projects, thriving incorporation of the infrastructure sector in Australia, efficient portfolio management and positioning of its international establishments for market repossession (2). We will write a custom essay sample on Lend Lease Group or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lend Lease’s activities are focused on four major regions: Australia, Asia, Europe and the Americas even though the group operates in over 40 countries. Lend Lease manoeuvres a provincial management structure determined on these four main geographic regions (2). Furthermore, the group has four lines of business that function in these four geographic regions, as follows: 1. The Development business This business functions in all four geographic regions. This business is basically focussed in the establishment of sophisticated metropolitan communities, metropolitan mixed-use developments, retail and the old-aged living, aged care sector, apartments etc. 2. The Construction business This business provides engineering, project management and construction services and operates in all four major geographic regions. . The Investment Management business This business functions in Asia, Europe and Australia provides real estate investment management, retail property management and asset management services. Through investments in the Group administered finances, this business includes the Group’s ownership interests in property investments controlled directly or indirectly. 4. The Infrastructure Development business This business oversees and invests in Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects which functions in Australia, Europe and the Americas. (2) competencies Lend Lease states that it is dedicated to meeting the social, cultural and environmental demands of communities around the world to create complete, sustainable communities. The organisation has created an environmentally sustainable development process (ESD), which seeks to deliver ongoing economic, environmental and social benefits to all stakeholders. This is communicated on the company web-site through the following points: 1. Establish ESD performance targets for project in consultation with stakeholders owners, community, authorities, and experts relative to local and national concerns. 2. Formulate management strategy and performance criteria to ensure delivery against the targets. 3. Implement technical modelling and life cycle assessment to confirm performance. 4. Document design solutions and support the building process through technical assistance. 5. Hand-over or maintain involvement over the long term to assist owners and stakeholders to maintain performance. The major areas of environmental focus were stated as â€Å"energy and greenhouse emissions reduction† (NatHERS Star ratings). NatHERS is the Nationwide House Energy Rating System now mandatory for any housing development applications in NSW (New South Wales). It forms part of BASIX which aims to reduce water consumption and effluent flows, improve internal environmental quality (thermal, acoustic, air quality, light quality), and reduce materials consumption with focus on materials that have environmental impacts in their production (see page 17). † In addition, on the 2 December 2004, Lend Lease Property Management Australia (LLPMA) and EPA signed a sustainability covenant, which was a commitment to the public that both organisations will work together to protect and contribute to a more sustainable environment. The aim of this declaration was to ensure that Lend Lease is empowered to develop a strategic approach to sustainability issues. With this comes the responsibility to publicly report the progress towards achieving the sustainability outcomes. Although this covenant was signed by Lend Lease, it is now with General Property Trust, which was until 2005 part-owned and managed by Lend Lease and is now independent of Lend Lease. Competencies 2. Strategy Analysis of LLC 2. 1 Strategic Overview of Lend Lease Group Vision of Lend Lease Group: * ‘To create the best places’. Strategic Direction of Lend Lease Group: * ‘To be the leading international property and infrastructure group’. (Lend Lease) The vision statement and the strategic direction of LLC are guiding overall operation of the group. LLC is devoted to a strategic road map of Restore, Build and Lead. Restoring its high quality businesses and reshaping its business line portfolio, the group has already revealed its capability. With its versatile business portfolio of property, infrastructure projects, development and investment management projects, LLC is surging and making ways to lead the industry. Working intimately with patrons, shareholders and other stakeholders in Australia, Asia, Europe and the Americas, LLC is striving to create utmost value from the group’s unique combination of capabilities, resources and values. Lend Lease LLC, with its broad and comprehensible Restore-Build-Lead strategy, is brawling hard to achieve the long term potential of the group. LLC has nearly attained first stage of the Group strategy, Restore, with its businesses reorganized, updated, and restored across four core regions and stirring towards the next strategy, the Build strategy. The acquisition of Valemus (subsidiaries of Valemus include: Abigroup, Baulderstone and Conneq), is one of the many examples of implementation of Build strategy. The acquisition of Valemus is the most striking triumph in this stage of its strategy which is proved to be the milestone for Lend Lease’s infrastructure business in Australia. This acquisition has helped the group to escalate in the infrastructure business. Besides, it has provided an incomparable backup in the engineering and construction market to LLC in Australia. (Lend lease annual report, media. corpma CEO ko) (LLC security holders review 2011) In-depth Scanning of Strategies of LLC The main strategy that LLC is following is Growth strategy. The main goal of this strategy is to expand and extend the height of the company’s revenues, employees, market share and other operations. Growth is possible using various approaches like Concentration, Merger and Acquisition and Diversification. (A). LLC is adopting Acquisition and Diversification strategy as its major corporate growth strategy. LLC is determined to the conception of an international real estate group by organizing a portfolio of four lines of businesses (The Development business, The Construction business, The Investment Management business and The Infrastructure Development business) diversified by risk profile, sector and geography. By concentrating on the sophisticated real estate and superior urban communities, extending infrastructure construction and infrastructure development capabilities, employing project management and construction skills, and utilizing effective asset creation and capital transaction capabilities, the strategy of LLC is endeavoured at acquiring multiple revenue streams from the portfolio of these four lines of businesses. LLC is assiduously growing its business and taking benefit of opportunities in improving markets through acquisitions and new project development. (case11, investsmart). Diversification strategies are adopted to extend companies activities and business deeds by toting up, services, products or markets to the current business. Diversification helps the firm to penetrate lines of businesses that are different from existing business (3rd book). According to Johnson et al. (2008) diversification can be either related diversification, in which company expands its operation with its current capabilities or unrelated diversification in which company expand without current capabilities and resources. Diversification can be done either through research and development or acquisition (Course book). Thus when analysing the strategies followed by LLC, it is clear that LLC is following both related as well as unrelated diversification through acquisition. LLC operates in four main lines of business which includes: The Development business, The Construction business, The Investment Management business and The Infrastructure Development business with several business sectors like, Pharmaceutical, Commercial Office, Government, Healthcare, Communities, Education, Mixed Use, Retail, Technology and Data Centres, Telecommunications, Transport. The most important activities into which LLC diversified through acquisition were property and infrastructure related markets in global scale like Community development, Hotels amp; Resorts construction, Property Development, Commercial offices, Retirement Senior Living, Apartments, Infrastructure. Whereas, LLC has also diversified into entirely unrelated businesses, which includes Pharmaceuticals, Financial markets, Funds management business, Security business, Financial institutions, Transportation etc through acquisition. Some of the LLC’s successful strategic acquisition and diversification are as follow: Lend Lease Group was founded in 1958 to manage funds for Civil and Civic to undertake building contracts; Lend Lease acquired Civil and Civic in 1961. Lend Lease acquired MILCON and technical service construction management business of Actus Corporation in 1999, and enriched it with infrastructure experts from parent company. In 1999, LLC extended its business lines by acquiring Pamp;O’s Project Management amp; Construction division. LLC amplified its investment management capability by acquiring AMRESCOs commercial mortgage business. LLC bought Delfin Property Group in 2001 (presently Lend Lease Communities). In 2005 LLC acquired Crosby Homes (at present Lend Lease Residential Development). LLC took over Babcock and Brown Communities in 2009 and augmented it -as Lend Lease Primelife. At the time Lend Lease became Australias principal retirement village provider by this acquisiti on. With Lend Lease Solar, LLC entered into the consumer market in 2010. However, in beginning of 2011, this division was closed. LLC bought DASCO, presently Lend Lease DASCO, in February 2011, to grab the benefit of the imminent Health and insurance boom because of Obama administration’s health law. LLC acquired Valemus Group with its subsidiaries Abigroup, Baulderstone and Conneq in March 2011. Wikipedia LLC The Infrastructure Development business Communities Government Healthcare Transportation Telecommunication The Construction business Infrastructure Transport Telecommunication Education Arts and culture Apartments Mixed use -Technology and data centre The Development business Apartments Communities Retail Commercial offices The Investment Management business Retail Retirement Senior Living Infrastructure Real estate Securities Asset and Property Johnson et al. (2008) described that diversification through acquisition strategy allow the company to boost its efficiency through the exploitation of its resources and capabil ities to new markets. Asikhia (2010) believes that acquisitions produce synergy which in turn helps the company to ‘make more together than separately’. Montgomery and Wernerfelt (1988) claimed that diversification generates synergy which in turn helps the firm to utilize its resources, capabilities and assets like brand name of the company, customer base and technology. Johnson et al. , (2008) also identified that the implementation of a diversification strategy could result in expanding corporate capabilities into new market, thus increasing the operation level of the organisations. Griffin (2008) suggested that an advantage of diversification for an organisation was the potential growth of an unrelated area during period of decline within the core construction function of the business. Johnson et al. , (2008) argued that diversification would ensure an increase in market power for an organisation, which would result from operating a diverse range of businesses. Diversification Limitations Griffin (2008) believed that an important limitation associated with diversification is the lack of required knowledge associated with unrelated iversified businesses within the corporate management of construction companies, resulting in inefficient allocation of resources and ineffective decision making. Colley et al. , (2002) highlighted that a significant limitation associated with diversification was the difficulty in achieving reasonably stable corporate results, as each industry contains inherent patterns of investment intensity, gross profit margins and degree of marke t elasticity. Another limitation associated with diversification was discussed by Griffin (2008) who believed that construction organisations that implement unrelated diversification fail to exploit important synergies, therefore are at a competitive disadvantage to organisations adopted related diversification. Johnson et al. , (2009) highlighted that a limitation of diversification is business unit complexity, as if business unit managers attend to the requirements of other business units, the lack of focus on the original unit could compromise the output effectiveness. An important limitation associated with the implementation of diversification strategy was described by Hill and Jones (2010) as the bureaucratic costs within a construction organisation of implementation that exceed the potential benefits and profitability. Our success around the world also depends on how we respond to  five key growth trends  that we believe are impacting our industry. We’re responding to the need for urban regeneration  with a number of leading urban renewal projects in Australia, the UK and Singapore. We’re meeting the needs of our  ageing population  with Australia’s top senior living portfolio, which includes 70 retirement villages and 30 aged care facilities. To better capitalise on the growth in public and private  infrastructure  opportunities in Australia in 2011, we acquired the construction and engineering  businesses,  Abigroup, Baulderstone and Conneq. Conneq is now known as our infrastructure services business. In answer to the growing demand for sustainable developments, we are now commercialising our  sustainability  expertise. And through our portfolio of quality projects, we have plenty of opportunities to meet the interests of institutional investors, in line with the need for stable and profitable `growth of our funds under management. Lend Lease’s strategy is underpinned by five major trends. 1. Urban regeneration By 2030, more than 60 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban areas. Increasing urban density is creating strong demand for urban regeneration Lend Lease is delivering major urban regeneration projects in Australia, and the United Kingdom. Ageing population Australian population aged 65+ is expected to grow by 69 per cent over the next 15 years Demand for retirement homes and associated services will increase rapidly Lend Lease is the largest owner and operator of senior living communities in Australia. Sustainability Governments are responding to climate change and providing more support for sustainability initiatives. Energy costs are likely to increase, creating demand for alternative energy sources and energy efficient solutions. Lend Lease is a leader in sustainability, constantly researching new sustainable product solutions, technologies and materials to use on its developments and across its business operations. Funds growth Capital from sovereign wealth funds is expected to increase with a portion being allocated to the property asset class Institutional capital will continue to increase, with the global ageing population driving growth in superannuation and pension assets. Lend Lease has one of the largest investment management businesses in Australia and has over $10. 9 billion funds under management worldwide at 30 June 2011. Infrastructure Urbanisation and growth in the resources industry is creating pressure on governments to deliver extensive social and economic infrastructure. Lend Lease’s acquisition of Abigroup, Baulderstone and Conneq provides significant capability in the Australian engineering and construction market. Lend Lease Group is dogged on particular geographical regions and sectors that provide diversification advantage which amplify the prospect of generating regular return. The objective is to establish strong, unique and viable businesses globally and realise the maximum value and return over the medium and long term.

Aquittals essays

Aquittals essays Abuse of power has never been welcomed by society. Whether it is in the home, on the job, in our schools or in our government, society subjects these abuses of power to investigation and prosecution. The penalties can be a dismissal from their position, court marshal or impeachment for the president. According to Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution, the president shall be removed from the office on impeachment for and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. As we study American history, we see that the saying, history repeats itself appears to be true. For instance, more than 130 years ago, our nation faced the same event that recently occurred: the impeachment of the president of the United States. Although President Andrew Johnson and President Bill Clinton both went through the impeachment process their circumstances surrounding the charges were quite different. President Johnson was not elected, but became president after Lincolns death. President Clintons problems on the other hand were his personal affairs. Congress believed that his behavior toward them and the citizens of the United States was unacceptable. The processes and trials of Johnson and Clinton are different in their reasons for impeachment, the general state of the nation, the difference in the people and the styles of running the office of president. The reasons for impeachment of Johnson and Clinton are very different. President Johnson came into office at one of the most intense periods of our nations history. Not only had a great leader just been assassinated, but the end of a long, tragic war had just come. Congress did not think very highly of Johnson or his ideas about the South and slavery. Through loss of favor and trust and as punishment for Johnsons many votes, Congress voted to impeach him. This was just the method they were looking ...

Visa CMPP para mdicos cubanos y otros profesionales

Visa CMPP para mdicos cubanos y otros profesionales La visa CMPP se concedà ­a a mà ©dicos y otro personal sanitario cubano que trabajaban en una misià ³n internacional fuera de Cuba. Este era uno de los programas migratorios de Estados Unidos que aplicaba sà ³lo a cubanos. Con fecha del 12 de enero de 2017, el gobierno de los Estados Unidos decidià ³ poner fin a este programa al igual que a la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados. CMPP eran  las siglas en inglà ©s del Programa para Profesionales Mà ©dicos Cubanos. Esta visa, que  a pesar de su nombre no era  realmente una visa sino un parole, tenà ­a reglas estrictas que habà ­a que conocer para evitar quedar en situacià ³n problemtica, es decir, como un desertor para los cubanos y sin visa para los estadounidenses.  ¿Quià ©nes se podà ­an  beneficiar de CMPP? Se debà ­an  reunir todas las caracterà ­sticas siguientes: Ser ciudadano o nacional cubanoEstar trabajando o estudiando como profesional mà ©dico en un tercer paà ­s en una misià ³n bajo la direccià ³n del gobierno de Cuba.No estar afectado por ninguna de las circunstancias que convierten a una persona en inelegible o inamisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Es decir, no aplicaba a los mà ©dicos que estaban por ejemplo, como turistas en Venezuela o en otro paà ­s.  ¿Quià ©nes eran  profesionales sanitarios para estos efectos? Entre otros, los siguientes: Mà ©dicosParamà ©dicosEnfermerosEntrenadores deportivosFisioterapistasTà ©cnicos de laboratorio  ¿Y quà © pasaba con los familiares? Bajo el programa de visas CMPP los  familiares  de los mà ©dicos que la solicitaban  podrà ­an tambià ©n beneficiarse y viajar legalmente a Estados Unidos con determinadas condiciones. Para empezar, eran  familiares a estos efectos el cà ³nyuge del personal mà ©dico que aplicaba y tambià ©n sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Nadie ms. Si estos familiares estaban  fuera de Cuba acompaà ±ando al profesional, se podà ­a considerar aprobarles un parole al mismo tiempo. Sin embargo, si estaban  en Cuba, habà ­a que esperar a que el beneficiado de una visa CMPP ingresara a los Estados Unidos y una vez aquà ­ podrà ­a reclamarlos.    ¿Quà © pasa con las personas que han solicitado  la visa CMPP pero todavà ­a no tienen respuesta? Ahora ya no se pueden solicitar ms, pero el personal que las solicità ³ y est pendiente de su aprobacià ³n podrn seguir con dicha tramitacià ³n.  ¿Quà © pasa desde el punto de vista migratorio cuando se ingresa a USA? Una vez en Estados Unidos, al aà ±o y un dà ­a se podr solicitar la tarjeta  de residente permanente. Mientras no se obtiene y se est en esa tramitacià ³n, no salir de Estados Unidos sin un permiso que se conoce como advance parole.   Una vez que se obtiene la residencia, que tambià ©n se conoce como green card y  con el transcurrir de los aà ±os, se puede solicitar la ciudadanà ­a americana  mediante el trmite de la naturalizacià ³n. El problema de la revlida del tà ­tulo de mà ©dico una vez que se llega a Estados Unidos Los mà ©dicos cubanos, al igual que todos los que obtuvieron sus tà ­tulos universitarios en un paà ­s distinto a los Estados Unidos, deben examinarse para acreditar su titulacià ³n y asà ­ estar capacitados legalmente para trabajar como mà ©dicos. Y en la actualidad esto est resultando ser un problema por dos razones principales. La primera es el alto costo de los exmenes de la ECFMG y de USMLE, que son organizaciones privadas encargadas de gestionar los test. En la actualidad, es necesario aprobar 4 exmenes. Y, en segundo lugar, el altà ­simo conocimiento de inglà ©s que se requiere. Y es que hay que contestar a ms de 400 preguntas en un tiempo limitado, lo que complica la obtencià ³n de la revlida a profesionales cuyo lengua materna no es el inglà ©s. El efecto principal de estas trabajas es que a pesar de que en la actualidad existe en los Estados Unidos un dà ©ficit de aproximadamente 65,000 mà ©dicos y de que los profesionales cubanos llegan al paà ­s con documentos que les permiten trabajar, muchos de ellos acaban desempeà ±ndose profesionalmente no como mà ©dicos, sino como auxiliares, despuà ©s de obtener las debidas licencias. Los mà ©dicos cubanos recià ©n llegados pueden contactar con Solidaridad sin fronteras (SSF) en Hialeah, Florida, ya que es una organizacià ³n conocida por brindarles ayuda para navegar y entender estos problemas burocrticos. Puntos bsicos de CMPP Desde que se creà ³ el programa de CMPP en 2006, segà ºn datos oficiales del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), ms de 7,000 mà ©dicos y otros profesionales sanitarios cubanos han obtenido esta visa. De hecho, se han producido solicitudes desde 65 paà ­ses. Si bien la aproximadamente la mitad de las peticiones se han realizado en Caracas, ya que la misià ³n sanitaria de cubana en Venezuela es de considerable tamaà ±o. Otras embajadas activas en la emisià ³n de estas visas son las de Colombia y las de Curacao, donde los solicitantes proceden de la vecina Venezuela. El nà ºmero de beneficiados ha aumentado recientemente, y asà ­ en el à ºltimo aà ±o fiscal un total de 1,663 profesionales obtuvieron la CMPP. De interà ©s para los profesionales mà ©dicos Los profesionales sanitarios que se desempeà ±an fuera de los Estados Unidos se preguntan frecuentemente cunto ganan sus colegas aquà ­. Este es el  sueldo  medio de enfermeras en Estados Unidos.  Incluso  ganan ms los mà ©dicos, aunque hay variaciones segà ºn especialidad. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Literature review chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literature review chapter - Essay Example The development of private enterprises have shown growth over the last few decades, this expansion in the private sector is attributed to the benefits that privatization brings along (Dahel, 2001). The contribution of people towards Gross Domestic Product (GDP) generation is maximized through privatization. The margin of innovation becomes broader, and companies may define their policies according to their status.The freedom of decision making has been supportive towards the idea of privatization. Privatization seems to be an appropriate policy for increasing quality and variety in telecommunication industry. In 1992, the Kuwait Investment Authority began 3 phases plan of privatization. The aim of this initiative was to reconstruct the economy, and minimize the dependence on revenue generated by oil. The policy of privatization was devised in such a manner that it could entertain domestic as well as foreign investor. The five different methods that were employed by the Kuwait Investment Authority include Sale of Government Shares, General Tendering, Management Contracts, Lease Arrangement, and Cooperation with the Government. However, privatization is not a compulsion efficient provision of services(Doh, 2000). Heracleous (1999) studied the case of Singapore, and analyzed its public owned telecommunication sector that offers the quality of services according to the world standards. Further, Heracleous (1999) has dichotomized the debate of ownership, and its effects on the performance of an organization. The management team of an organization is authorized by the owners to manage the affairs, therefore, it does not matter who owns the company, as far as the administration of the organization is making the right decisions (Heracleous, 1999). Heracleous (1999) reveals important aspects of the privatization debate in the telecommunications industry. By discussing the unique and

History of work-family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of work-family - Essay Example This essay seeks to address how these changes have had an effect on employees and their relationships with their families. The project will also expatiate on the rules that have been put in place to help individuals have the ability to balance their lives in terms of family and work. Unlike in the past, employees are faced with so much pressure of being able to support their families. Coupled with the harsh economic times, it is becoming more difficult for employees to be able to have quality time spent with their families as many individuals opt to have two or more jobs so as to maximize on their income. This paper also discusses the history of work since the 19th century. It also examines the challenges that men and women who were in employment faced as they tried to acquire a balance between family and work (Hammill, 2005). The paper also looks at how social levels have an effect on family structures, and how these structures change with time. Finally, the paper also glimpses at t he expectations that the society had of men and women who had employment outside the home thorough 40s to the 60s. At some point between 1960 and 1980, the dynamics of the family changed, and this could be attributed to a number of factors. These issues included divorce, single parenting and same sex partners. Currently, some companies are implementing commitments to employees by creating environments of open communication, appealing jobs, safe working conditions, and good benefits. Researching European work/ family policies we can see where legislation might need to change to become beneficial to all. During the industrial revolution in America in late 19th century, many of the working class in America and Europe moved from the rural areas to find urban jobs. There was also massive migration of people from their countries to the new American and European cities. As a result of these movements from the rural farms and foreigners into America and Europe, there was a total disruption of the social engagement of the people. This was because of the mix-up of the numerous cultures of the people in the newly formed American and European cities (Gornick & Meyers, 2004). It formed a prominent need for these people to be able to interact due to their diverse backgrounds. Fortunately for these huge populations, their numbers called for a vibrant economy which left some workers and employees a frustrated lot as they faced exploitation and unjust working conditions. The reformers of the time identified this problem and created organizations which came to be known as labor unions. Their goal was to fight for the rights of all workers to have fair terms of employment. They also advocated for a balance between work and family. The unions also had the goal of seeking economic protection of workers. These unions provided workers with the sense of belonging to a group with common goals, a factor that also served to motivate them in their workplaces. As these unions continued to gain influence and recognition in America, they also began to make public issues that were once thought to be private. Such included the employment of women and children. The organizations helped draw the line between children helping their parents and families, and engaging them in laborious work for little or no pay. By the year 1910, there were clear laws in place regarding child labor and exploitation, the appropriate working hours, and unsafe practices in

Assignment 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment 11 - Essay Example The article gives the reader an opportunity to appreciate the role and impact of action research within the educational setting. In essence, the author captures the processes involved in action research in relation to maximizing the benefits. In addition, this is a research process that has the capacity to revitalize the entire learning process in most academic spheres. In addition to adding value to the learning process, action research creates critical grounds to reflect and evaluate teaching approaches (Arnold, 2008). It is therefore a necessary tool that can be used to support various initiatives by individual teachers, teaching communities, and organizations. Essentially, one cannot ignore the nature of data collection procedures used in action research. The author sheds light on the necessary aspects that one should consider when conducting action research (Arnold, 2008). It is an invaluable tool that offers a range of opportunities for the learners and the teachers. Essentially, when one is capable of conducting a study within their field makes it possible to address issues that are facing a system. The qualitative techniques in use when conducting action research set the stage for solving problems and enhancing practice. The reader further gets the details of how action research can enable the researcher to interpret as well as formulate acceptable solutions and practical steps towards local problems. One of the benefits that come with such an approach includes the ability to seek viable and realistic explanations to some of the general problems facing an education system. Some of the realities that the researcher faces on a day to day basis are grounds for gathering factual data. Due to this, the researcher does not have the luxury of following laid out procedures. Such a position calls for innovative data collection techniques that will focus on the importance of the data at hand (Arnold, 2008). The emphasis on the significance of

Analysis of the Free Movement of Goods and Services Policy

Analysis of the Free Movement of Goods and Services Policy The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has developed an extensive body of case law on free movement in relation to persons, goods, services and establishment. Over the years, the Courts approach to free movement as evolved and adapted to the modern European Union (EU) today. Through comparison of the case law it will be clear that how the Court deals with free movement is similar in all the areas of persons, goods, services and establishment. In the beginning the CJEU would only strike down legislation which was discriminatory to nationals from other Member States. It then began to strike down rules that were non-discriminatory and more recently rules that act as a barrier or hindrance to market access. Analysing these areas of the Courts jurisprudence, it will be evident that the Courts early approach was a more literal interpretation of the treaties towards a more teleological approach that expanded the Courts powers but perhaps this is ultimately needed if the CJEU was to every achieve the Internal Market.[1] As already mentioned in the early case law the CJEU would strike down national legislation due to them being discriminatory on the basis of nationality.[2] This approach was clearly based on the treaty articles that prohibited this.[3] Rules where initially struck down because they were obviously discriminatory such as in Commission v French Republic[4]in relation to workers and Humblot[5] with regards to goods. This approach was echoed across the freedoms.[6] It was clear though, that from the jurisprudence across these areas striking down barriers that were obliviously discriminatory would not be enough as often there was national legislation that was indirectly discriminating against nationals.[7] Therefore indirect discrimination was present from the beginning to tackle the double burden that was often placed by Member States on free movement. This move by the Court is comparable across the freedoms such as Uglioa[8] in relation to workers. Critically though the Court might have created indirect discrimination criteria to stop dual burden but this has raised problems from the Court as not all indirectly discriminatory rules create such a burden.[9] Even with these potential issues the practice was echoed across the jurisprudence of goods, services and establishment.[10] The case of Dassonville[11] further increased the Courts ability to strike down national legislation for being discriminatory measures having equivalent effect in relation to goods.[12] This is interesting as the expansion of the Court powers arguably goes beyond a literal interpretation of the treaty articles. It had a big effect not only on the subsequent cases regarding goods but also free movement of persons, services and establishment.[13] The CJEUs application of a wider definition in Dassonville[14] is comparable to the other freedoms particularly services and establishment.[15] The broader scope the Court has given themselves across the freedoms is a move towards a more cohesive internal market. On the other hand though, the Court was always very clear though from the beginning that free movement of persons, goods and services are not absolute.[16] This is evident from the Treaty articles in so far as certain discriminatory restrictions can be justified.[17] This indication by the Court might initially seem to be just following the Treaties but ultimately, they expanded the remit of these justifications in relation to indirectly discriminatory restrictions in all of the areas through case law.[18] The early jurisprudence shows that the Court was not willing to strike down non-discriminatory legislation such as in Chemical Farmaceutici.[19]This all changed though and the Court no longer stopped at discrimination but expanded to striking down barriers that were non-discriminatory.[20] This was possibly in order to fulfil the aims of the treaty provision, in so far as to create an successful internal market.[21] This resulted in further autonomy for the CJEU through case law in 80s but mainly 90s.[22] The CJEU developed an approach to free movement that restrictions which are non-discriminatory in nature fall within the scope of the relevant treaty articles and have to be examined for validity.[23] Similarly to the earlier jurisprudence the Court applies this thinking to all the free movement areas.[24]Bosman [25] open up this idea within free movement of persons and expanded the Courts ability to strike down national legislation.[26] Cassis de Dijon[27]had a big effect on the area of non-discriminatory national rules arguably more than Bosman[28], when you compare the effect Cassis de Dijon had.It is seen as a landmark decision in the area of indistinctly applicable restrictions.[29] It and the subsequent cases have extended the Courts ability to declare a barrier to trade unlawful.[30]In a sense it has reduced the need for harmonisation and instead has advanced the internal market ideals through case law.[31] In comparison to this development within the free movement of persons, Cassis de Dijon resulted in a surge of cases.[32] This resulted in CJEU departing from the previous case law in Keck[33] to deal with the flood of cases. It is interesting to note that at the time of the Cassis de Dijon judgement was at a time of legislative stagnation which was impeding the development of the Internal Market.[34] Therefore the Courts decision meant that the negative integration rate was speed up.[35] Arguably the Court was attempting to full the requirements of Article 26 of the TFEU and but as they couldnt do this within the treaty itself they needed to expand the parameters of their power. Similar to the free movement of persons and goods, services jurisprudence developed to include non-discriminatory barriers, meaning that anything which impedes free movement is struck down.[36] As in the earlier cases and to the other areas where it is seen to be a dual barrier that barrier is struck down such as in Sager.[37] Interestingly AG Jacobs makes a direct comparison to Cassis di Dijon here and that cases approach to non-discriminatory restrictions.[38] Similarly, the free movement of establishment the old point of view discrimination only can be seen in Commission v Belgium[39]which allowed member states to make their own rules in the absence of Community harmonisation. Klopp[40] shows the change in the Courts jurisprudence for establishment in the same way as the other freedoms. The key case here is Gebhard[41]which repeated the view the Court highlighted in Sager.[42] According to Spaventa, Gebhard[43] was not only an expansion but a qualitative leap for free movement rights.[44] It indicates a further move away from a literal interpretation towards a more teleological approach to the internal market that can be seen across the freedoms. The success of the implementation of non-discriminatory ground has dispelled any argument, according to Connor, of ever full achieving an Internal Market on the basis of discrimination alone.[45] It is important note that as the CJEUs capacity has increased across the free movement, the Member States ability to justify them continued to grow exponentially.[46] The Court has been clear that the creation of the internal market through the harmonisation of laws does not mean that all barriers to trade will be abolished.[47] Instead they will engage in an assessment of balance.[48]The Court will essential look to see if the measure can be justified and if the restriction was appropriate and ensure that it doesnt go beyond what is necessary.[49] The more the CJEU gives itself the ability to strike down legislation, the more the Court creates justifications through case law to allow for this but it needs to be careful to ensure that it does not step into the legislative realm.[50] The increase in ways to justify restrictions has been demonstrated across free movement and as the Court expands its parameters into the market access test the justifications continue to grow.[51] In recent years the Court has again expanded free movement provisions through the market access test.[52] The Court refined their approach from Keck[53]in the cases of Commission v Italy[54]and Mickelson and Roos[55]and embraced the market access test.[56] Not only does this test include measures that are a barrier to goods entering the market but also once the good is in the market.[57] This shows a clear expansion of the Courts powers in relation to free movement of goods. Comparing this development to the other areas, establishment is   another area where this test has clearly been discussed and accepted by the court in Commission v Spain.[58] These cases demonstrate the CJEUs liberalising view of the free movement doctrine in recent years.[59] In comparison, the case law in the other areas of free movement seems to suggest that the market access test is are less severe than the restrictions in Commission v Italy and Mickelson.[60] The market access test has be subject to criticism with some questioning the basis of the test and whether the CEJU is potentially violating the separation of powers within the EU.[61] Some academics believe this market access test is a development as a result of Union Citizenship and this is the basis for the test.[62] The test marks a move towards convergence and harmonisation of the internal market.[63] The idea of citizenship seems to have taken hold and it is evident that it has had an impact on free movement.[64] Tryfonidou argues that these judgements indicate a move away from assessing impact of barriers on cross-border trade to promoting free movement of commerce by Union Citizens.[65] Ultimately the jurisprudence shows that the market access test has become the main principle for the free movement cases.[66] To conclude, the CJEU has moved from a discriminatory based approach to restrictions on the free movement of goods and services to non-discriminatory one to a market access test. The jurisprudence in the area isnt clear cut but the general understanding of academics seems to be that the move towards a non-discriminatory approach was needed to have a successful internal market. The subsequent move to a market access test seems to be founded on the idea of union citizenship and perhaps a deeper idea of ultimately, in so far, as possible having the freedoms converge. Through comparison, it is clear that each section of the free market is different but ultimately the CJEU feels similar. What is evident though is that the removal of regulatory barriers CJEU feels is needed, across the free movement of persons, goods, services and establishment, in order to fulfil the aims of the internal market.[67] [1] Eleanor Spaventa, From Gebhard to Carpenter: Towards a Non-Economic European Constitution, (2004) 41 Common Market Law Review 743 [2] Paul Craig and Grainne De Bà ºrca, EU Law: Texts, Cases, And Materials (6th edn, OUP 2015) 758 [3] Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2012] OJ OJ C326 Article 26 and Article 45 Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union [4] Case 167/73 Commission of the European Communities v. French Republic [1974] ECR 359 [5] Case 112/84 Michel Humblot v Directeur des services fiscau [1985] ECR 1367 [6] Case 8/74 Procureur du Roi v Benoà ®t and Gustave Dassonville [1974] ECR 837 [7] Tim Connor, Goods Persons Services and Capital in the European Union/ Jurisprudential Routes to Free Movement (2010) German Law Journal 159 [8] Case 15/69 Wà ¼rttembergische Milchverwertung-Sà ¼dmilch AG v Salvatore Ugliola [1970] ECR 363 [9] n7, 165 [10] Case 71/76 Jean Thieffrey v. Conseil de lOrdre des Avocatsà   la cour de Paris [1977] ECR 765; Case 33/74 Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfsvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid [1974] ECR 122 [11] n6 [12] Ailbhe ONeill, The Path Not Taken: The Global Approach to the Free Movement of Persons, (200) 3(1) Trinity College Law Review 111 [13] Case 53/76 Procureur de la Rà ©publique de Besanà §on v Les Sieurs Bouhelier and others [1977] ECR 197; Case 249/81 Commission of the European Communities v Ireland (Buy Irish Case) [1982] ECR 4005; Case 45/87 Commission of the European Communities v Ireland (Dunalk Water Supply) [1988] ECR 4929 [14] n6 [15] Case C-55/94 Gebhard v Consiglio dellOrdine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano [1995] ECR I-4165 [16] Eleanor Spaventa, Leaving Keck behind? The free movement of goods after the rulings in Commission v Italy and Mickelsson and Roos (2009) 34(6) European Law Review 914 [17] Article 36, 45, 52 of the TFEU [18] Laurence W. Gormley, Free Movement of Goods within the EU Some issues and an Irish Persepctive, (2011) 46(1) The Irish Jurist 74 [19] Case 140/79 Chemical Farmaceutici SpA v DAF SpA [1981] ECR 1 [20] n12, 112 [21] n7, 169 [22] Peter Oliver and Wulf-Henning Roth, The Internal Market and the Four Freedoms (2003) 41 Common Market Law Review 407 [23] n12, 112 [24] n12, 112 [25] Case C-415/93 Union royale belge des socià ©tà ©s de football association ASBL v Jean-Marc Bosman, Royal club lià ©geois SA v Jean-Marc Bosman and others and Union des associations europà ©ennes de football (UEFA) v Jean-Marc Bosman [1995] ECR I-4921 [26] Case C-190/98 Volker Graf v Filzmoser Maschinenbau GmbH [2000] ECR I-493;Case C-464/02 Commission of the European Communites v. Kingdom of Denmark [2005] ECR I-7929; [27] Case 120/78 Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonopolverwaltung fà ¼r Branntwein (Cassis de Dijon) [1979] ECR 649 [28] n25 [29] Andrew McGee and Stephen Weatherhill, The Evolution of the Single Market Harmonisation or Liberalisation   (1990) 53(5) The Modern Law Review 578 [30] ibid, 581 [31] ibid, 581 [32] Sunday Trading Cases: Case C-145/88 Torfaen Borough Council v B Q plc [1989] ECR 3851; Case C-169/91 Council of the City of Stoke-on-Trent and Norwich City Council v B Q plc [1992] ECR I-6635 [33] Cases C-267 and 268/91 Criminal proceedings against Bernard Keck and Daniel Mithouard[1993] ECR I-6097 [34] n12, 123-124 [35] n12, 123-124 [36] Case 427/85 EC Commission v. Germany [1988] ECR 1123 [37] Case C-76/90 Manfred Sà ¤ger v Dennemeyer Co. Ltd   [1991] ECR I-4221 [38] ibid [39] Case 221/85 Commission of the European Communities v. Kingdom of Belgium [1987] ECR 719 [40] Case 107/83 Order des avocats au Barreau de Paris v Onno Klopp [1984] ECR 2971 [41] Case 55/94 Gebhard v Consiglio dellOrdine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano [1995] ECR I-4165 [42] n12, 112 [43] n41 [44] Eleanor Spaventa, From Gebhard to Carpenter: Towards a Non-Economic European Constitution, (2004) 41 Common Market Law Review 743 [45] n7, 168 [46]n18, 74 [47] n29, 581 [48] n7, 182 [49] n7, 195; C-434/04, Criminal proceedings against Jan-Erik Anders Ahokainen, Mati Leppik Jan-Erik Anders Ahokainen,[2006] I-9171 [50] n16, 925 [51] n22, 434 [52] Max S. Jansson and Harri Kalimo, De Minimis Meets Market Access: Transformations in the Substance and in the Syntax Of EU Free Movement Law?'(2014) 51(2) Common Market Review 523 [53] n33 [54] Case C-110/05 Re Motorcycle Trailers: Commission of the European Communities v Italy [2009] 2 CMLR 34 [55] Case C-142/05 Ã…klagaren v Percy Mickelsson and Joakim Roos [2009] ECR I-4273 [56] n16, 915 [57] n16, 923 [58] Case C-400/08 Commission of the European Communities v Spain [1995] ECR I-4165 [59] n2, 806 [60] n52556 [61] n16, 925 [62] A. Tryfonidou, Further Steps on the Road to Convergence Among the Market Freedoms, (2010) 35 European Law Review 36 [63] ibid, 49 [64] Pedro Caro de Sousa, Quest for the Holy Grail-Is a Unified Approach to the Market Freedoms and European Citizenship Justified? (2014) 20(4)European Law Journal 499 [65] n tryfonidou50 [66] Sacha Prechal and Sybe De Vries, Seamless Web of Judicial Protection in the Internal Market? (2009) 5 European Law Review [67] Damian Chalmers, European Union Law: Text and Materials (3rd edn, Cambridge University Press 2014)

The Works of Phillis Wheatley Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Works of Phillis Wheatley Biography: Phillis Wheatley was born in West Africa around 1753. Sometime after her birth, she was brought to America and purchased by John Wheatley in 1761. He turned Phillis over to his wife, Susanna, to work as a personal maid. After realizing Phillis’ intellect, the Wheatley family encouraged Phillis to study the Bible and read English and Latin literature, history and geography. Wheatley’s first poem was published in a Rhode Island newspaper in 1767. Poems on Various Subjects consisted of thirty-eight poems written by Wheatley, and it could be found in London in 1773. Wheatley died on December 5, 1784.* Discussion of Wheatley’s Work: The poetry of Phillis Wheatley should be considered very controversial and powerful. The content of Wheatley’s poetry contains the muscle needed to strike controversy and power, but it also must be understood within the context of history. Wheatley was a black slave writing very methodic poetry in America during a time when African-Americans were considered to be less than animals. Reading and writing was not an option given to an overwhelming majority of slaves. Wheatley was able to do both with ease, and her white masters encouraged her to do so. The fact that Wheatley’s poetry was read in her time is another impressive factor. She was black and a female, yet she received a decent amount of readership. In addition, she was respected for her art. However, the controversy and power existed not only within the time period Wheatley lived in, but they also existed within the content of her poetry. "On Being Brought from Africa to America" praised the salvation that Wheatley received by coming to America and being exposed to Christianity. She also ... ... Wheatley stands as a pioneering figure of African-American poetry (Gates xi). Wheatley has provided tremendous inspiration for African-American literature. Zora Neale Hurston, Lorraine Hansberry and Toni Morrison are among the many writers that Wheatley has influenced, and she will continue to influence many more considering her works are still published and read worldwide. Works Cited Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Foreword. The Collected Works of Phillis Wheatley. Ed. John C. Shields. New York: Oxford UP, 1988. xi. Gates, Henry Louis Jr., and Nellie Y. McKay, eds. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. 164-167. Wheatley, Phillis. "On Being Brought from Africa to America", "Atheism" and "An Address to the Deist." The Collected Works of Phillis Wheatley. Ed. John C. Shields. New York: Oxford UP, 1988. 18, 130, 131.

Social Class in to Kill a Mockingbird

There are many different social classes in â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird. † The factors that separate people into these social classes are their skin color and their occupation. For example, Atticus, Scout, and Jem are part of the highest social class. They are part of this social class because Atticus is a lawyer, which makes him a highly respected person in the community. He is also white, which, at that time was a very important factor that chose who belonged in what social class. Scout and Jem are his children and therefore are also part of this social class. Another person in this same social class is Miss Maudie Atkinson.She grew up with the Finch’s and is an old friend of theirs. She is now Atticus’s neighbor and is loved by his children. Aunt Alexandra is also part if this because she is known as the â€Å"perfect example of what a southern lady should act like. † She is part of the Finch’s family and is highly respected by the community. One of the very important rules of belonging in this social class is to treat white people with lesser status kindly. It is an unwritten rule that white people with a higher social class than other white people must be hospitable and treat them with respect.An example of this is when Walter Cunningham is invited by Jem to come over for dinner. When Scout notices Walter using a lot of gravy during dinner she is rude to him and as a result is punished by Calpurnia. The reason for this is because Walter is of a lower class and was invited to eat with Atticus and his family. As a result, it is rude not to let him do and eat what he wants to. An example of a person who is in the next social class is Mrs. DuBose. She is a nasty women and one of the factors that hints that she is not part of the higher social class is the way she talks to her community members.She is supposed to be kind and respectful to the white people of Maycomb, like Jem. Even though she is nice to Atticus, she talks badly about him behind his back. That is not a quality that a person of a high status would have. Therefore, she isn’t part of that social class. The next social class is the poor, yet respectable white people. The Cunningham’s are in this class because even though they are poor, they manage to live their life by borrowing money and paying back the money borrowed with items from the farm instead of money. Under them are theEwell’s, who are poor and disgusting. They are completely rude and so are their children, but they are still in a higher social class than black people since they are white. The next social class is wealthy or middle-class black people. Calpurnia is a part of this class and only is for the reason that she is black. She has all the qualities of a good southern lady, and has perfect manners. She is respected and in good relations with the Finch family. Calpurnia would be in the same social class as Atticus Finch if she weren’t black. Another p erson who is in this class is Reverend Sykes.He met Jem and Scout in church and showed how much he respected them and their father for defending the Tom Robinson case. He welcomed them and was very friendly, therefore in the same class as Calpurnia. The last social class is the poor and black people. Lula is in this social class. She is disgraceful to the black people and her motto is that the black people should stick to own community and the white should stay with there’s. She was harsh and shallow to someone who is of her kind (Calpurnia) and she was harsh to two innocent kids just because they are white. There is a very interesting relationship between the white people and black.The majority of the black people is more mature and has much more class. They accept themselves and their status. They accept how they don’t get credit for all their work. They accept always having the worse of things, like the First Purchase church, which is a very beaten down church. They accept not getting an education with barely any complaints. No matter how much they tolerate, the white people cannot stand them at all and are so afraid of the truth because it means going against a white person’s word. The fact that white people don’t treat white people equally contributes greatly to the way the social classes are separated.

Free Essays on Pre Civil War

Pre Civil War Prompt: â€Å"Slavery was the dominating reality of all Southern life.† Assess the validity of this generalization for TWO of the following aspects of Southern life from about 1840 to 1860: political, social, economic, and intellectual life. Slavery was the dominating reality of all Southern life. The effects of Slavery in the south can be seen both socially and economically. Cotton was king and the white government of the South meant that slavery wouldn’t go away unless something of great magnitude happens to change everything. In America at the time, a slave was a piece of property that could be bought, sold, loaned, used as collateral, or willed to another if the owner wanted it. The economy at the time in the south was dying because not enough cotton could be picked up fast enough to profit. This would make slavery useless as it took a slave a whole day to pick out all the seeds from one piece of cotton. As this would happen, slavery would no longer be useful and they would all become free. It happened so that a Negro man by the name of Eli Whitney invented a machine called the Cotton Gin. This allowed the seeds of a piece of cotton to be removed from faster and safer. You would think that this would decrease the number of slaves a slave owner had but it worked the other way. Slave owners wanted more slaves to make more profit, thus cotton became the South’s leading export over tobacco and sugar. To a slave owner â€Å"Cotton was King†, the gin was his throne, and the black bondsme n were his henchmen.† (Bailey, 361) The Southern families finally had their taste of wealth just as the North has with their factories but the South wanted more. The farmers were greedy, money hungry people and as long as there was rich, fertile, soil for cotton, there were slaves working for the benefit of their owners. The invention of the cotton gin made farmers buy more land and this meant that they needed to get ... Free Essays on Pre Civil War Free Essays on Pre Civil War Pre Civil War Prompt: â€Å"Slavery was the dominating reality of all Southern life.† Assess the validity of this generalization for TWO of the following aspects of Southern life from about 1840 to 1860: political, social, economic, and intellectual life. Slavery was the dominating reality of all Southern life. The effects of Slavery in the south can be seen both socially and economically. Cotton was king and the white government of the South meant that slavery wouldn’t go away unless something of great magnitude happens to change everything. In America at the time, a slave was a piece of property that could be bought, sold, loaned, used as collateral, or willed to another if the owner wanted it. The economy at the time in the south was dying because not enough cotton could be picked up fast enough to profit. This would make slavery useless as it took a slave a whole day to pick out all the seeds from one piece of cotton. As this would happen, slavery would no longer be useful and they would all become free. It happened so that a Negro man by the name of Eli Whitney invented a machine called the Cotton Gin. This allowed the seeds of a piece of cotton to be removed from faster and safer. You would think that this would decrease the number of slaves a slave owner had but it worked the other way. Slave owners wanted more slaves to make more profit, thus cotton became the South’s leading export over tobacco and sugar. To a slave owner â€Å"Cotton was King†, the gin was his throne, and the black bondsme n were his henchmen.† (Bailey, 361) The Southern families finally had their taste of wealth just as the North has with their factories but the South wanted more. The farmers were greedy, money hungry people and as long as there was rich, fertile, soil for cotton, there were slaves working for the benefit of their owners. The invention of the cotton gin made farmers buy more land and this meant that they needed to get ...

Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion

Abortion: Life or Death, Who chooses? During the past quarter century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subject of controversy in the United States. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. Abortion poses a moral, social and medical dilemma that faces many individuals to create a emotional and violent atmosphere. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine distinctions are "pro-choice" and "pro-life". A pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the state has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. This life imposes on us a moral obligation to preserve it and that abortion is tantamount to murder. In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion. Women with incomes under eleven thousand are over three times more likely to abort than those with incomes above twenty-five thousand. Unmarried women are four to five times more likely to abort than married and the abortion rate has doubled for 18 and 19 year olds. Recently the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent overall but the rate of abortion among girls younger than 15 jumped 18 percent. The rate among minority teens climbed from 186 per 1,000 to 189 per 1,000. The most popular procedure involved in abortions is the vacuum aspiration which is done during the first trimester (three months or less since the women has become pregnant). A tube is simply inserted through the cervix and the contents of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most commonly used type of second trimester abortion is called dilation and evacuation. Since the fetus has bones, bulk and can move, second trimester is not as simple. When as much of the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out then tweezers are used to remove larger parts. After this, or the beginning of the fifth mo... Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion Abortion: Life or Death, Who chooses? During the past quarter century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subject of controversy in the United States. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. Abortion poses a moral, social and medical dilemma that faces many individuals to create a emotional and violent atmosphere. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine distinctions are "pro-choice" and "pro-life". A pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the state has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. This life imposes on us a moral obligation to preserve it and that abortion is tantamount to murder. In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion. Women with incomes under eleven thousand are over three times more likely to abort than those with incomes above twenty-five thousand. Unmarried women are four to five times more likely to abort than married and the abortion rate has doubled for 18 and 19 year olds. Recently the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent overall but the rate of abortion among girls younger than 15 jumped 18 percent. The rate among minority teens climbed from 186 per 1,000 to 189 per 1,000. The most popular procedure involved in abortions is the vacuum aspiration which is done during the first trimester (three months or less since the women has become pregnant). A tube is simply inserted through the cervix and the contents of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most commonly used type of second trimester abortion is called dilation and evacuation. Since the fetus has bones, bulk and can move, second trimester is not as simple. When as much of the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out then tweezers are used to remove larger parts. After this, or the beginning of the fifth mo...

Coca Cola Company Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coca Cola Company - Coursework Example Now they have 500 brands and 3500 beverage products in over 200 countries all around the world. The annual report of 2010 described that the Coca Cola Company gained volume and value share globally in total non alcoholic ready to drink beverages. This growth is because of their commitment to offer beverages tailored to specific market and consumer needs around the world. And this is because of their long term strategy to profitably grow their business in a sustainable way. ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGY The analysis of the strategy of The Coca Cola Company is provided on these points; 1. Sustainability and Road map to Success. The strategy of The Coca Cola Company is the sustainable growth for meeting their short term commitments while investing to meet their long term goal. The business strategy has suffered if it looks like as an artificial exercise but The Coca Cola Company has clear strategy and it covers all required aspects. 2. Strategy Remain Same with the Changes in Technology. Sou nd strategy starts with having right goal of superior profitability. The Coca Cola Company has the strategy of broaden their family of beverage brands for profitable growth. And focus on the highest potential areas across the market. The strategy must have continuity of what you are trying to deliver to customers and about which customer you have to focus. The Coca Cola Company is delivering carbonated soft drink to the customers and they serve their customers with consistency and continuity to generate growth all channels and direct investments to highest potential areas across the market. 3. Continuity in Strategic Direction and Continuous Improvement. The ability to change constantly and effectively is made easier by high level continuity. (Hammonds 2001). The Coca Cola Company has clear strategy about profitability and the customers and their market. And they realize that they have to improve their brand in order to sustain in this global age. 4. The Myth of Inflection Points. S ometimes environment and needs of the customers do shift far enough so that continuity does not work but The Coca Cola Company believe that non alcoholic ready to drink business is the best business and it grow with the passage of time. So the inflection points can not force them to revisit their core strategy. 5. Great Strategies are not Complex. The essence of the strategy is choice, trade off and fit. The Coca Cola Company is producing non alcoholic ready to drink beverages. Trade off is a situation that involves losing one quality or aspect of something in return for gaining another quality or aspect. The Coca Cola Company does not lose the quality of one product in order to gain the quality of another. They also have some same products with same formulas as they have 125 years ago. And they are also producing many new products and also they are improving their quality. The Coca Cola Company better know the needs and desire that changes with the passage of time and they fulfill all those needs with improving the quality of all of their beverage products. The Coca Cola Company is starting with the three or four pieces of strategy and then they elucidate their strategy over time. They do not give all answers up front and it is the antidote to complexity. 6. Chief

The UK Football Industry and CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

The UK Football Industry and CSR - Essay Example The present research has identified that British football clubs rely more on the strong ties they have developed with their communities over the years than on CSR principles for the success of their CSR initiatives. Embracing innovation for the good of the public – organizations, whether for-profit or not-for-profit, should embrace technological and other innovations not just for the achievement of their goals, but also for the benefit of the communities that host them. Putting people at the center of CSR initiatives – the members of a community, in most cases, know what is best for them. As a result, an organization should facilities the participation of a community throughout a CSR initiative. Spreading economic opportunity – the primary way through which organizations do this is by employing locals. Organisations may also implement this principle by educating children from disadvantaged backgrounds, thereby empowering them to pursue the economic opportunities that come their way. Exceeding the profit maximization motive – even though businesses exist primarily to make profits for their owners, they must go beyond that goal and give back to the communities that support them and enable them to make a profit. CSR in English football dates back to the 1800s, but back then it was not referred to CSR as the concept did not exist (it was Andrew Carnegie who first wrote about CSR in 1899); people simply acted ethically.

HIV and AIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HIV and AIDS - Essay Example Prior to the 1980’s, medical records have no exact number of the number of deaths resulting from the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The disease was relatively unknown so the signs and symptoms could not be easily diagnosed. There is uncertainty surrounding the origin of the virus. Scientists now claim that it has possible links with Africa (avert.org, n.d.). The first major report in the United States of America about AIDS came in the form of a report published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1981. In the AIDS Public Information Data for 1981 – 2002 there is a report on the number of cases of the disease as it relates to the different states, location, demographics and HIV exposure group. In the early years of the disease there was a strong belief that it was only prevalent among homosexual males and the possibility of it being transferred to heterosexual partners was low. The July 3, 1981 publication of The New York Times said, â€Å"Dr. Curran said that there was no apparent danger to non homosexuals from contagion. ‘The best evidence against contagion’, he said, ‘is that no cases have been reported to date outside the homosexual community or in women.† Dr. Curran served as Coordinator for the CDC taskforce on Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections from 1981 to 1982. This belief, however, proved to be short-lived as there was evidence of the disease spreading to other groups towards the end of 1981. There were reports of the disease among those who had blood transfusions and the passing of the disease from mother to child was also recorded during this period. The disease was given the name Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in 1982 (avert.org, n.d.). By March of 1983 the CDC report included other population groups. According to the report (cdc.gov, 1983) â€Å"persons who may be considered at increased risk of AIDS include those with symptoms and signs suggestive of AIDS; sexual partners of

Advertising and Promotion Evaluating Arguments Essay Example for Free

Advertising and Promotion Evaluating Arguments Essay Emotional Argument 1- What if advertising does not exist? How a company wants to promote their products and services? 2- How mass media of advertising can promote a company’s products and services to potential customers. Ethical Argument 1- Leo Burnett, an advertising executive and the founder of Leo Burnett Worldwide Company said â€Å"Good advertising does not just circulate information. It penetrates the public mind with desires and belief.† 2- Robert Smith, an expert in advertising said, â€Å"Brand to consumer relevance† refer to situations where the advertised brand of a product or services is of personal interest to consumers. 3- Grant McCracken said advertisers must try to match the product or company’s image, the characteristics of the target market and the personality of the celebrities. Logical Arguments 1- A good advertising can attempt to persuade potential customers to purchase of a product. 2- A company cannot make dream to be a well known brand until they invests in their promotional activities for which costumer market have been dominating through advertisements. 3- Advertising is an important promotional tool for building company or brand as it is an effective way to provide customers with information and to influence their perception. See more: Social process essay What I found more persuasive Advertising is an effective way to promote a company’s product and service to potential costumer. Advertising is also a promotional tool for building company or brand as it is an effective way to provide customers with information and to influence their perceptions. This book is about the advertising and promoting of an integrated marketing communications perspective. The author gives lots of information of how advertising can be use by a company to promote their product. The author also states the definition, statistic and the development of advertising. The book is very interesting to read because the author used lots of color to divided every topics and give good examples. This book has a lot of photos for audiences to understand more what the author tried to say. I recommended the audiences to get more information about advertising from this book.

Paediatric palliative care Essay -- Health, Nurses, Health Care Provid

Paediatric palliative care is a taboo topic in today’s society. Paediatric palliative care is a topic that society avoided and does not want to deal with. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines paediatric palliative care as palliative care is the attempt to improve the quality of life in patients who are facing life-threatening illnesses and family members through the prevention and relief of suffering with early detection and treatment of pain, physical, psychosocial, or spiritual (Liben, Wolfe & Papadatou, 2008, p. 852). Some of the current issues surrounding paediatric palliative care is that health care providers, mainly nurses are feeling the burnout and frustrations of caring for a dying child. Many nurses have claimed to have moral and ethical distress which in turn, can lead to feelings of helplessness and anger (Morgan, 2009, p. 88). Health care providers may also feel personal pain during the care of a dying child (Morgan, 2009, p. 88). Many health care providers and families feel like there is a lack of communication about the disease and treatments the child is receiving, as well as the patients often feel like they do not have a voice about treatments (Hsiao, Evan & Zeltzer, 2007, p.361). The lack of education and knowledge about paediatric palliative care leads to society treating the subject of paediatric palliative as taboo and forbidden to talk about because no one wants to admit that children unfortunately die (Morgan, 2009, p. 87). Research has shown that many patients will benefit from paediatric palliative care programs and education, but studies have shown that out of 3,000 hospitals in the United States, less than ten percent have programs for end-of life care based toward children (Morgan, 2009, ... ...are of paediatric palliative child. Online resources would be beneficial for families who are in rural areas or who do not have access to many places because of the limitations on travel due to their child’s illness because everyone wants information about what is happening during this difficult time to ease some of the concerns. Inservices, IPPC, simulations, ACNs and communication are all needed in order for the health care providers to maintain and provide a therapeutic relationship with the patient and their families. With better education about paediatric palliative care, knowledge of the effects of caring for paediatric palliative care on the health care providers, communication between families, patients and health care providers about paediatric palliative care, can provide a therapeutic relationship with families and patients during a very difficult time.

Night and Dawn †A Comparison of Elie Wisel’s writings Essay

Night and Dawn, both written by Elie Wiesel, are two books that have changed the way people view life and death. Night is a story of the Holocaust that occurs in the time frame of the mid-1900s. Elie, the author and the main character of Night, tells of the horrific years he spent in Germany’s concentration camps. During this time period, millions of Jewish people were shot by merciless Nazis. Dawn focuses on a young boy Elisha who is recruited into a terrorist organization after the Holocaust. He eventually finds himself caught in the middle of the war between the Jewish and the British fighting for freedom. Both of Wiesel’s stories involve poignant emotions. Night shows the reader the horror of being murdered. Similarly, Dawn is about the horror of murdering someone. It is interesting to note that in Night, the Jewish is in front of the gun; in Dawn, the Jewish man is behind a gun. Both situations contain the predominant emotion of fear. The two stories vary, but behind their covers, these stories deal with the same topic–cruel murder. Elie Wiesel deals with this topic through the characters, the character’s histories, and their similarities and differences. Elie Wiesel’s journey begins in Sighet where his family believed strongly in their religion. The Nazis have set the goal — genocide of the Jewish citizens. He is sent to a concentration camp in Germany where he must endure the harsh brutality of the Nazis. It is only at these concentration camps that Elie discovers the truth about himself. Dawn is about a scarred Jewish man Elisha who is recruited to join an extremist group that is fighting for their freedom against the English. One of the terrorist party members, David, is captured by the English during an operation of smuggling arms and is threatened to be killed for committing this crime. The Jewish freedom fighters suddenly become enraged and devise their own plan; The capture of their own hostage, Captain Dawson. The Jewish then plan to exchange the Captain for David. Elisha, who just joined the group, is then assigned his first task–the harsh mission of murdering the Captain. While Elisha may not have a physically painful task, he must endure the mental anguish that murder brings. Once the murdered, now the murderer. Wiesel utilizes the characters to emphasize his purposes. The two main characters in Night and Dawn, Elie and Elisha, share both similarities and differences. Elie keeps his feelings and his actions within his mind. His thoughts tell the story and provide readers with emotion. On the other hand, Elisha tends to act his thoughts out, which is the main reason that he joined the terrorist group. For example, Elie prays regularly in order to fuel his hope that one day he will find freedom; Elisha contrastingly kills and destructs out of his emotional and horrendous past. This they both lost their precious childhood at such an early age. Their childhood provides us with the chance to be naà ¯ve and more importantly, the chance to be innocent. Innocence is the only time in life, where you do not possess the knowledge to differentiate between right and wrong. Unfortunately, the main characters did not have the time to slowly explore maturity. Instead, they were forced into the scary and unstable life of adulthood ultimately leading Elie and Elisha down to the fork in the path. The two narrators try to convince themselves that their actions are helpful to society or to themselves. For example, Elisha says, â€Å"I’ll think of David too, I reflected. He’ll protect me. John Dawson may try to make me laugh, but I won’t do it. David will come to my rescue† (79). Elisha is trying to reassure himself that David, the Jewish hostage, is a good reason to murder the Captain. Similarly, Elie had many thoughts toward his commitment to God. When he finally questions his faith he claims, â€Å"I felt very strong. I was the accuser, God the accused† (65). As shown through these examples, throughout the novels, the reader is able to grasp and feel Wiesel’s thoughts and ideas by carefully observing and analyzing the characters of Elie and Elisha. Wiesel wrote Night in an attempt to leave the reader feeling as if he were a Jewish citizen during the time of the Holocaust. The author achieves this through his vivid descriptions and emotional family affairs, such as the time where Elie is separated from his family. When connecting with a character, one understands the character’s dilemmas, such as Elie’s questioning of his religious faith. In Dawn, Wiesel’s purpose was to make the reader see through the eyes of a murderer, and the difficulty of murdering without a reason in which he believes. Elisha struggles because he  cannot find the answer to the question within himself: â€Å"Why am I killing Captain Dawson?† Both stories try to make the reader empathize with the main character. Both Elie and Elisha have a difficult time living in Night and Dawn. The author exaggerates this in Dawn by using the phrase â€Å"Poor boy!† to describe Elisha. In Night, the author tried to gain sympathy for Eli e by putting him into painful situations. One event that represents this was the time where Elie was whipped by a Kapo, â€Å"He took his time between each stroke. Only the first ones really hurt me. I could hear him counting† (55). Going into more depth, Wiesel writes about how each character deals with his pain. Elie copes with loss through his belief in God and his strength; Elisha copes with his loss by communicating with apparitions of the people by which he has been influenced, and the people he has influenced. While making the readers sympathize with the main characters, Wiesel also uses both stories as important information that reflect on our past and our present. Night and Dawn serve as documentations that show readers some of the darkest moments in our history. In these two novels, the author compares the past to the present. While the audience reads this book, it may realize that we still face the same problems today as we did fifty years ago. Perhaps Wiesel wrote these books in attempt to change the future for the better of mankind. Even though there are many similarities between Night and Dawn, the books also have significant differences. Foremost, in Dawn, The tables have turned, and this time they are in control. Many times throughout Dawn, the terrorists say, â€Å"This is war,† in an attempt to give reason to the assassination of the English man. However, they are simply â€Å"putting on the field-gray uniform of the SS† (30). Perhaps the Nazis used this same excuse while brutally slaughtering thousands of Jewish people. The attacker must put himself in the victim’s shoes; likewise, the reader must put himself into the main character’s shoes. And although the tables have turned for the Jewish man, the reader can still relate to the main character because he is in his shoes. This slaughtering inevitably scars each victim. Of course, each character deals with his pain in a different way. In Night, Elie uses his thoughts to heal his wounds constructively. In Dawn, Elisha acts out his thoughts and seeks revenge destructively. A prime example that is  representative of Elie is the time when he sees the young boy that is being hung. At this event, a man asks, â€Å"Where is God now?† Elie then responds with the following thought: â€Å"Where is He? Here He is–He is hanging here on this gallows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (62). However, Elie does not speak out; rather, he keeps his thoughts within himself. On the other hand, Elisha uses his instinct to guide him into sin. As Elisha bitterly states: I understood Gad’s bitterness; indeed I envied it. He was losing a friend, and it hurt. But when you lose a friend every day it doesn’t hurt so much. And I’d lost plenty of friends in my time; sometimes I thought of myself as a living graveyard. That was the real reason I followed Gad to Palestine and became a terrorist: I had no more friends to lose (35). This suggests that Elie has become totally numb to the idea of death. He has been set free to the burden of mourning. This is why Elisha does not cry or yell out in pain after he murders Captain Dawson. It is interesting to note that even though Elie and Elisha find themselves in similar situations, they each deal with their problems in their own unique ways. These two novels carry the same purpose–touching the hearts of the readers from their history, to their agonizing life during the Holocaust. In Dawn, Wiesel states that â€Å"War is like night†¦ It covers everything†. This statement proved true for both Elie and Elisha; however, the war did not give them the same view on life or of the Holocaust. Dawn and Night show the good and the bad that resulted from living in a painful past. Elie searches within himself to discover inner peace, even during such a painful period in his life. Similarly, Elisha also searches within himself but unlike Elie, he discovers extreme hatred. Dawn and Night are stunning novels that bring the reader into some of the most painful and agonizing scenario; this was what Wiesel desired–and he has been successful.